tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57741080043349114262024-03-12T20:06:55.274-07:00Sobre a Constelação de Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada
Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra..., bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.
Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.
Com um abraço estrelado,
Janine Milward
Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-9017657097335232212015-04-06T08:59:00.001-07:002015-11-11T03:55:23.058-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Olá!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Eu já tive a felicidade de morar num Sítio vicinal ao Rio Paraíba, </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">na cidadezinha de Sapucaia, divisa do Estado do Rio com as Minas Gerais, </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">onde sempre a constelação de Andromeda atraía imensamente minha atenção </span></span></div>
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à vista desarmada e em olhar enviesado,</div>
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é claro, pois que os céus do norte naquele lugar</div>
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era realmente escuro e transparente</div>
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- diferente do Sítio onde moro agora, o Sítio das Estrelas,</div>
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distante dois quilômetros apenas da cidadezinha que me acolhe </div>
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e a 65 quilômetros da cidade de Juiz de Fora </div>
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e estas duas cidades poluem com suas iluminações urbanas desenfreadas</div>
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minha visão mais ao norte e ao noroeste, infelizmente.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">O que sempre encantava meu olhar e meu coração em minhas observações </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">naquele Sítio em Sapucaia, era o fato de que, por um lado</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> - ao norte - Andromeda, a galáxia, sorria para mim.... </span></span></div>
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e, por outro lado - ao sul -, </div>
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as duas Nuvens de Magalhães também se apresentavam!</div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Ah, a observação dos céus estrelados a olho nú é algo realmente encantador, emocionante </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">e somente aqueles que se dedicam a esse tipo de observação</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">- </span><span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">saindo de suas poltronas (the arm-chair astronomer) </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">e das telas maravilhantes de seus computadores -, </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">conseguem compreender o maravilhamento que as estrelas e suas constelações </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">e alguns objetos celestes visíveis à vista desarmada</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;"> nos proporcionam,</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;"> gratuitamente e quase eternamente....</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-indent: -18pt;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption"><a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Neste Trabalho, Caro Leitor,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">encontre alguma informação</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">sobre a constelação Andromeda:</span></span></div>
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<li style="background: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 0px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0.25em 0px; padding: 0.25em 15px 0.25em 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/2015/04/ainda-sobre-o-mito-de-andromeda-e-meus.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">Ainda sobre o Mito de Andromeda e Meus Comentários...</a></li>
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<li style="background: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 0px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0.25em 0px; padding: 0.25em 15px 0.25em 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/2015/04/os-objetos-messier-em-andromeda.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">Os Objetos Messier em Andromeda</a></li>
<li style="background: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(254, 253, 250); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 0px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 0.25em 0px; padding: 0.25em 15px 0.25em 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/2015/04/via-lactea-e-andromeda-abrancando-se-em.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;">Via Lactea e Andromeda abraçando-se em futuro dis...</a></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">- as constelações -</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"> e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">bem como percebendo que o caos, </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">vagarosamente,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"> vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Janine Milward<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-91238253327264850462015-04-06T08:46:00.000-07:002015-04-06T08:46:01.429-07:00Andromeda - por Richard H. Allen<div class="halfstart center" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, 'Gentium Plus', serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 1.5em; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/home.html" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="index"><b><span class="larger" style="font-size: 17.9200000762939px;">Star Names<br /><span class="small" style="font-size: 15.2319993972778px;">Their Lore and Meaning </span></span><br />by<br /><span class="larger" style="font-size: 17.9200000762939px;">Richard Hinckley Allen </span></b></a><br />as reprinted<br />in the Dover edition, 1963</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">The text is in the public domain.</span></div>
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Andromeda! Sweet woman! why delaying</div>
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So timidly among the stars: come hither!</div>
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Join this bright throng, and nimbly follow whither</div>
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They all are going.</div>
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John Keats' <i>Endymion</i>.</div>
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Andromeda, the Woman Chained,</h2>
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The <b><span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">Ἀνδρομέδη</span></b> of Aratos and <b><span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">Ἀνδρομέδα</span></b> of Eratosthenes, Hipparchos, and Ptolemy, represents in the sky the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Aethiopia, chained in exposure to the sea monster as punishment of her mother's boast of beauty superior to that of the Nereids. Sappho, of the 7th century before Christ, is supposed to mention her, while Euripides and Sophocles, of the 5th, wrote dramas in which she was a character; <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p32"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p32</span>but she seems to go far back of classical times, and we probably must look to the Euphrates for her origin, with that of her family and Cetus. Sayce claims that she appeared in the great Babylonian <i>Epic of Creation</i>, of more than two millenniums before our era, in connection with the story of Bēl Mardūk and the dragon Tiamat that doubtless is the foundation of the story of Perseus and Andromeda. She was noted, too, in Phoenicia, where Chaldaean influence was early felt.</div>
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As a constellation these stars have always borne our title, frequently with the added <b><span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Mulier Catenata</span></b>, the Woman Chained, and many of the classical Latins alluded to her as familiar and a great favorite. Caesar Germanicus called her <b><span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Virgo Devota</span></b>; a scholiast, <b><span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Persea</span></b>, as the bride of Perseus; while Manilius, and Germanicus again, had <b><span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Cepheis</span></b>, from her father.</div>
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In some editions of the <i>Alfonsine Tables</i> and <i>Almagest</i> she is <b>Alamac</b>, taken from the title of her star <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span>; and <b>Andromada</b>, described as <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Mulier qui non vidit maritum</span>, evidently from Al Bīrūnī, this reappearing in Bayer's <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Carens Omnino viro</span>. Ali Aben Reduan (Haly), the Latin translator of the Arabian commentary on the <i>Tetrabiblos</i>, had <b>Asnade</b>, which in the <i>Berlin Codex</i> reads <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;"><b>Ansnade</b> et est mulier quae non habet vivum maritum</span>; these changed by manifold transcription from <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Alarmalah</span></b>, the Widow, applied by the Arabians to Andromeda; but the philologist Buttmann said from <b>Anroneda</b>, another erroneous form of our word. The <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Antamarda</span></b> of the Hindus is their variation of the classical name.</div>
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The original figure probably was, as Dürer drew it, that of a young and beautiful woman bound to the rocks, Strabo said at Iope, the biblical Joppa;<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note:Andromeda_and_Joppa" id="ref:Andromeda_and_Joppa" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">a</a> and Josephus wrote that in his day the marks of her chains and the bones of her monster foe were still shown on that sea-shore. But this author, "who did not receive the Greek mythology, observes that these marks attest not the truth but the antiquity of the legend."</div>
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Others, who very naturally thought her too far from home at that spot, located Iope in Aethiopia and made her a negress; Ovid expressing this in his <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">patriae fusca colore suae</span>, although he followed Herodotus in referring her to India. Manilius,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note1" id="ref1" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">1</a> on the contrary, in his version of the story described her as <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">nivea cervice</span>; but the Aethiopia of this legend probably was along the Red Sea in southwestern Arabia.</div>
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<span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p33</span>Arabian astronomers knew these stars as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Mar᾽ah al Musalsalah</span></b>, their equivalent of the classical descriptive title, — Chilmead's <b>Almara Almasulsala</b>, — for Western mythological names had no place in their science, although they were familiar with the ideas. But they represented a <b>Sea Calf</b>, or <b>Seal</b>, <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">Vitulus marinus catenatus</span>, as Bayer Latinized it, with a chain around its neck that united it to one of the Fishes; their religious scruples deterring them from figuring the human form. Such images were prohibited by the <i>Ḳur᾽ān</i>; and in the oral utterances attributed by tradition to the Prophet is this anathema:</div>
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Woe unto him who paints the likeness of a living thing: on the Day of Judgment those whom he has depicted within rise up out of the grave and ask him for their souls. Then, verily, unable to make the work of his hands live, will he be consumed in everlasting flames.</div>
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This still is the belief of the Muslīm, for William Holman Hunt was warned of it, while painting his <i>Scape Goat in the Wilderness</i>, by the shaykh under whose protection he was at the time.</div>
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The Spanish edition of the <i>Alfonsine Tables</i> pictures Andromeda with an unfastened chain around her body, and two fishes, one on her bosom, the other at her feet, showing an early connection with Pisces; the <i>Hyginus</i>, printed at Venice <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">anno <ins class="slip" style="border-bottom-color: green; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: thin; cursor: crosshair; text-decoration: none;">salutiferi</ins> incarnationis</span>, 7th of June, 1488, by<i>Thomas de blauis de alexandria</i>, with some most remarkable illustrations, has her standing between two trees, to which she is bound at the outstretched wrists; in the <i>Leyden Manuscript</i><a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note2" id="ref2" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">2</a> she is partly clothed on the sea beach, chained to rocks on either side.</div>
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Caesius<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note3" id="ref3" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">3</a> said that she represented the biblical <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Abigail</span></b> of The Books of Samuel; and Julius Schiller, in 1627, made of her stars <b>Sepulchrum Christi</b>,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note4" id="ref4" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">4</a> the "new Sepulchre wherein was never man yet laid."</div>
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<span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p34</span>The apparently universal impulse of star-gazers to find earthly objects in the heavens is shown in the Cross which is claimed for some of Andromeda's stars; <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span>, <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span>, and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">δ</span> marking the upright, <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">α</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">κ</span> the transverse. But a much more noticeable group, an immense Dipper, is readily seen in following up its <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span> to the Square of Pegasus, far surpassing, in extent at least, the better-known pair of Dippers around the pole.</div>
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Andromeda is bounded on the north by Cassiopeia and Perseus; on the east by Perseus; on the south by Pisces and Triangulum; and on the west by Lacerta and Pegasus.</div>
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Milton's passage in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, where Satan surveys our world</div>
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from eastern point</div>
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Of Libra to the fleecy star that bears</div>
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Andromeda far off Atlantic seas</div>
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Beyond th' Horizon,</div>
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seems to have puzzled many; but the poet was only seeking to show the comprehensive view had by the arch-fiend east and west through the six signs of the zodiac from the Scales to the Ram with the golden fleece; Andromeda, above the latter, apparently being borne on by him to the westward, and so, to an observer from England, over the Atlantic.</div>
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Kingsley's <i>Andromeda</i> well describes her place:</div>
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I set thee</div>
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High for a star in the heavens, a sign and a hope for the seamen,</div>
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Spreading thy long white arms all night in the heights of the aether,</div>
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Hard by thy sire and the hero, thy spouse, while near thee thy mother</div>
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Sits in her ivory chair, as she plaits ambrosial tresses;</div>
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All night long thou wilt shine;</div>
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these members of the royal family, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Perseus, lying contiguous to each other, wholly or partly in the Milky Way.</div>
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The stars that mark her right arm may be seen stretching from <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">σ</span> to <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ι</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">κ</span>; <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ζ</span> marking the left arm with the end of the chain towards Lacerta; but in early days she was somewhat differently located, and even till recently there has been confusion here; for Smyth wrote:</div>
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Flamsteed's Nos. <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">51</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">54</span> Andromedae are <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">ψ</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">υ</span> Persei, though placed exactly where Ptolemy wished them to be — on the lady's foot: so also <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">α</span> in this asterism has been lettered <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">δ</span> Pegasi by Bayer, and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.2399997711182px; font-style: italic;">β</span> has been the <i>lucida</i> of the Northern Fish.</div>
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Argelander has 83 stars here, and Heis 138.</div>
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La Lande and Dupuis asserted that the Phoenician sphere had a broad <b>Threshing-floor</b> in this spot, with stars of Cassiopeia as one of the<b>Gleaners</b> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p35"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p35</span>in the large <b>Wheat-field</b> that occupied so much of that people's sky; its exact boundaries, however, being unknown to us.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Alpha"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">α</span>, Double, magnitudes 2.2 and 11, white and purplish.</h3>
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<b>Alpheratz</b>, <b>Alpherat</b>, and <b>Sirrah</b> are from the Arabians' <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Surrat al Faras</span></b>, the Horse's Navel, as this star formerly was associated with Pegasus, whence it was transferred to the Woman's hair; and some one has strangely called it <b>Umbilicus Andromedae</b>. But in all late Arabian astronomy taken from Ptolemy it was described as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Rās al Mar᾽ah al Musalsalah</span></b>, the Head of the Woman in Chains.</div>
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Aratos <a class="added_link" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/AratusPhaenomena.html" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 255) !important; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="offsite">[<i>Phaen.</i> 205] </a>designated it as <span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">ξῦνός ἀστήρ</span>, <i>i.e.</i>, common to both constellations, and it is still retained in Pegasus as the <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">δ</span> of that figure, although not in general use by astronomers.</div>
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In England, two centuries ago, it was familiarly known as <b>Andromeda's Head</b>.</div>
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With <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span> Cassiopeiae and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> Pegasi, as the <b>Three Guides</b>, it marks the equinoctial colure, the prime meridian of the heavens; and, with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> Pegasi, the eastern side of the Great Square of Pegasus.</div>
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In the Hindu lunar zodiac this star, with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">α</span>, <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span>, and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> Pegasi, — the Great Square, — constituted the double <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">nakshatra</span>, — the 24th and 25th, —<b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Pūrva</span></b> and <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Uttara Bhādrapadās</span></b>, the Former and the Latter Beautiful, or Auspicious, Feet; also given as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Proshthapadās</span></b>, Footstool Feet; while Professor Weber of Berlin says that it was <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Praṭishthana</span></b>, a Stand or Support, which the four bright stars may represent.</div>
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With <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> Pegasi, the determinant star, it formed the 25th <span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">sieu</span> <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Pi</span></b>, or <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Peih</span></b>, a Wall or Partition, anciently <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Lek</span></b>, and the <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">manzil</span> <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Fargu</span></b>, from<span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Farigh al Mu᾽aḣḣar</span>, the Hindmost Loiterer; or, perhaps more correctly, the Hind Spout of the Water-Jar, for Kazwini called it <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Farigh al Thānī</span></b>, the Second Spout; a Well-mouth and its accompaniments being imagined here by the early Arabs.</div>
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The Persian title for this lunar station, <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Miyan</span></b>; the Sogdian, <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Bar Farshat</span></b>; the Khorasmian, <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Wabir</span></b>; and the Coptic, <b><span class="transcribed_Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important;">Artulosia</span></b>, all have somewhat similar meanings.</div>
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In astrology <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">α</span> portended honor and riches to all born under its influence. It comes to the meridian — culminates — at nine o'clock<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note5" id="ref5" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">5</a> in the evening of the 10th of November.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p36"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p36</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Beta"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">β</span>, 2.3, yellow.</h3>
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<b>Mirach</b> was described in the <i>Alfonsine Tables</i> of 1521 as <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">super mirat</span>, from which has been derived its present title, as well as the occasional forms<b>Mirac</b>, <b>Merach</b>, <b>Mirar</b>, <b>Mirath</b>, <b>Mirax</b>, etc.; <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">mirat</span> probably coming from the 1515 <i>Almagest</i>'s <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">super mizar</span>, the Arabic <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">mi᾽zar</span>, a girdle or waist-cloth. Scaliger, the great critical scholar of the 15th century,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note:Scaliger" id="ref:Scaliger" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">b</a> adopted this Mizar as a title, and Riccioli followed him in its use, thus confounding the star with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ζ</span> Ursae Majoris. The <b>Mirae</b> of Smyth doubtless is a typographical error, although Mirae had appeared in Chilmead's <i>Treatise</i><a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note6" id="ref6" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">6</a>of 1639 for the same word applied to <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span> Ursae Majoris.</div>
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Hipparchos seems to refer to it in his <b><span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">ζώνη</span></b>; and, synonymously, some have termed it <b>Cingulum</b>; others, <b>Ventrale</b>, from its former position in the figure, although now it is on the left hip. In later Arabian astronomy it marked the right side of Andromeda, and so was known as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Janb al Musalsalah</span></b>, the Side of the Chained Woman. <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">β</span> appeared in very early drawings as the <i>lucida</i> of the northern of the two Fishes, and marked the 26th <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">manzil</span> <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Baṭn al Ḥūt</span></b>, the Belly of the Fish, or <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Ḳalb al Ḥūt</span></b>, the Heart of the Fish; and the corresponding <span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">sieu</span> <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Goei</span></b>, or <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Kwei</span></b>, the Man Striding, or the Striding Legs, anciently <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Kwet</span></b>. In this location it was <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">AI Risḣā</span></b>, the Band, Cord, Ribbon, or Thread, as being on the line uniting the Fishes; but this title now belongs to <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">α</span> Piscium.</div>
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Brown includes it, with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">υ</span>, <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">φ</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">χ</span> Piscium, in the Coptic lunar station <b><span class="transcribed_Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important;">Kuton</span></b>, the Thread; and Renouf, in <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Arit</span></b>, an asterism indigenous to Egypt. It lies midway between <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">α</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span>, about 15° distant from each; and in astrology was a fortunate star, portending renown and good luck in matrimony.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Gamma"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">γ</span>, Binary, — and perhaps ternary, 2.3, 5.5, and 6.5. orange, emerald, and blue.</h3>
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This is <b>Alamac</b> in the <i>Alfonsine Tables</i> and 1515 <i>Almagest</i>; Riccioli's <b>Alamak</b>; Flamsteed's <b>Alamech</b>; now <b>Almach</b>, <b>Almak</b>, <b>Almaack</b>, and <b>Almaac</b>or <b>Almaak</b>; all from <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al ʽAnaḳ al ʽArḍ</span></b>, a small predatory animal of Arabia, similar to a badger, and popularly known there as <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Barīd</span>. Scaliger's conjecture that it is from <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Mauk</span>, the Buskin, although likely enough for a star marking the left foot of Andromeda, is not accepted; for <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p37"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p37</span>Ulug Beg, a century and a half previously, as well as Al Tizini<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note7" id="ref7" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">7</a> and the Arabic globes before him, gave it the animal's title in full. But the propriety of such a designation here is not obvious in connection with Andromeda, and would indicate that it belonged to very early Arab astronomy.</div>
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Bayer said of it, <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">perperam <b>Alhames</b></span>, an erroneous form of some of the foregoing. Riccioli<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note8" id="ref8" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">8</a> also mentioned this name, but only to repudiate it.</div>
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Muhammād al Achsasi<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note9" id="ref9" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">9</a> al Muwakkit designated <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Ḣāmis al Naʽāmāt</span></b>, his editor translating this <b>Quinta Struthionum</b>, the 5th one of the Ostriches; but I have not elsewhere seen the association of these birds with this constellation.</div>
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Hyde gives another Arabian designation for <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span> as <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Rijl al Musalsalah</span></b>, the Woman's Foot.</div>
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In the astronomy of China this star, with others in Andromeda and in Triangulum, was <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Tien Ta Tseang</span></b>, Heaven's Great General. Astrologically it was honorable and eminent.</div>
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Its duplicity was discovered by Johann Tobias Mayer of Göttingen in 1778; and Wilhelm Struve,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note10" id="ref10" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">10</a> in October, 1842, found that its companion was closely double, less than 1″ apart at a position angle of 100°, and probably binary. The two larger components are 10″.4 apart with a position <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p38"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p38</span>angle of 63°.3. The contrast in their colors is extraordinarily fine. William Herschel wrote of it in 1804:</div>
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This double Star is one of the most beautiful Objects in the Heavens. The striking difference in the colour of the two Stars suggests the idea of a Sun and its Planet, to which the contrast of their unequal size contributes not a little; but Webb thought them stationary.</div>
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It is readily resolved by a 2¼‑inch glass with a power of forty diameters, and it seems singular that its double character was not sooner discovered.</div>
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From its vicinity radiate the <b>Andromedes II</b>, the <b>Bielid meteors</b> of November, so wonderfully displayed on the 27th of that month in 1872 and 1885, and on the 23d in 1892, and identified by Secchi and others with the celebrated comet discovered by Biela in 1826, which, on its return in 1832, almost created a panic in France. The stream completes three revolutions in about twenty years, although subject to great perturbations from Jupiter, and doubtless was that noticed on the 7th of December, 1798, and in 1838. These objects move in the same direction as the earth, and so with apparent slowness, — about ten miles a second, — leaving small trains of reddish-yellow sparks. The radiant, lying northeast from <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">γ</span>, is remarkable for its extent, being from 7 to 10 degrees in diameter. The Mazapil iron meteorite which fell in northern Mexico on the 27th of November, 1886, has been claimed "as being really a piece of Biela's comet itself."</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Delta"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">δ</span>, Double, 3 and 12.5, orange and dusky.</h3>
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Burritt added to the letter for this the title <b>Delta</b>, perhaps from its forming a triangle with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ε</span> and a small adjacent star.</div>
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It marks the radiant point of the <b>Andromedes I</b> of the 21st of July.</div>
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The components are 27ʺ.9 apart, at a position angle of 299°.3.</div>
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<span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">θ</span>, a 4.7‑magnitude star, with <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ρ</span> and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">σ</span>, was the Chinese <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Tien Ke</span></b>,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note11" id="ref11" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">11</a> the Heavenly Stable.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Xi"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">ξ</span>, 4.9,</h3>
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is <b>Adhil</b>, first appearing in the <i>Almagest</i> of 1515, and again in the <i>Alfonsine Tables</i> of 1521, from <b><span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">Al Dhail</span></b>, the Train of a Garment, the Arabic equivalent of Ptolemy's <span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">σύρμα</span>; but Baily thought the title better applied to the slightly fainter <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">A</span>, which is more nearly in that part of the lady's dress; and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p39"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p39</span>Bayer erroneously gave it to the 6th‑magnitude <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">b</span>, claiming — for he was somewhat of an astrologer, although the <i>Os Protestantium</i> of his day — that, with the surrounding stars, it partook of the nature of Venus.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Phi"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="Chi"></a><span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">φ</span>, Binary, 4.9 and 6.5, yellow and green, and <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">χ</span>, 5,</h3>
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in Chinese astronomy, were <b><span class="Chinese" style="color: rgb(218, 83, 0) !important;">Keun Nan Mun</span></b>, the Camp's South Gate; they lie in the train near the star <b><span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">σύρμα</span></b>. The components of <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">φ</span> were observed by Burnham in 1879, 0ʺ.3 apart, at a position angle of 272°.4.</div>
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<span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">NGC<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note12" id="ref12" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.43775939941406px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">12</a> 224</span>, or <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.2719993591309px; font-style: italic;">31 M.</span>,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note13" id="ref13" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10.486400604248px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">13</a></h3>
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the <b>Great Nebula</b>, the <b>Queen of the Nebulae</b>,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note:Andromeda_Galaxy" id="ref:Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">c</a> just northwest of the star <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">ν</span>, is said to have been known as far back as <span class="small" style="font-size: 13.6000003814697px;">A.D.</span> 905; was described by Al Sufi as the <b>Little Cloud</b> before 986; and appeared on a Dutch star-map of 1500. But otherwise there seems to be no record of it till the time of Simon Marius (Mayer of Gunzenhausen), who, in his rare work <i>De Mundo Joviali</i>, tells us that he first examined it with a telescope on the 15th of December, 1612. He did not, however, claim it as a new discovery, as he is reported to have fraudulently done of the four satellites of Jupiter,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note14" id="ref14" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">14</a>when he gave them their present but rarely used names, <b>Io</b>, <b>Europa</b>, <b>Ganymede</b>, and <b>Kallisto</b>, that are now known as I, II, III, and IIII, in the order of their distances from the planet. Halley, however, did so claim it in 1661 in favor of Bullialdus (Ismail Bouillaud), who, although he doubtless again brought it into notice as the <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">nebulosa in cingulo Andromedae</span>, expressly mentioned that it had been observed 150 years previously by some anonymous but expert astronomer.</div>
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Hevelius catalogued it in his <i>Prodromus</i>, and Flamsteed inserted it in his <i>Historia</i> as <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">nebulosa supra cingulum</span> and <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">nebulosa cinguli</span>; but Hipparchos, Ptolemy, Ulug Beg, Tycho Brahē, and Bayer did not allude to it, from which some have inferred an increase, or variability, in its light; but there is no positive evidence as to this, and it does not seem probable.</div>
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Marius said that it resembled the diluted light from the flame of a candle seen through horn,<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#note15" id="ref15" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">15</a> while others of our early astronomers described it differently; discordances probably owing to the different means employed. Its true character seems as yet undetermined, although astro-photography <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="p40"></a><span class="noindex pagenum" style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0) !important; font-size: x-small; position: absolute; right: 1.5em; text-align: right; top: auto; width: 70px;">p40</span>"has proved it to be a vast Saturniform body, a great, comparatively condensed nucleus, surrounded by a series of rings, elliptical as they appear to us, but probably only so from the angle under which they are presented to our view"; "masses of nebulous matter partially condensed into the solid form" — a new and enormous solar system in formation.</div>
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Its length, or diameter, about 3½°, is estimated at more than thirty thousand times the distance from the earth to the sun.</div>
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Its attendant companion, visible as a nebula in the same field if a low-power be used, is the star-cluster <a href="http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.cgi?M32" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="offsite"><span class="star" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">NGC 221, 32 M.</span></a>, discovered in 1749 by Le Gentil. It is nearly circular in form, and apparently, ⅛ the size of the Great Nebula. Sir William Huggins and others have suggested that the small nebulae near the latter may be planets in process of formation.</div>
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<span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">S</span> Andromedae, the <i>nova</i> of 1885 that excited so much interest, was first seen about the middle of August, 16″ of arc to the southeast of the nucleus, and, for a brief period, of the 6th to the 7th magnitude; but it soon disappeared to ordinary glasses, and Hall last saw it with the 26‑inch refractor at Washington on the 1st of February, 1886, as of the 16th magnitude.</div>
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The Author's Notes:</h2>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref1" id="note1" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">1</a> Manilius, author of the <i>Poeticon Astronomicon</i>, frequently quoted throughout these pages, flourished under Augustus and Tiberius, and probably was the first Latin author to write at length on astronomy and astrology; but he adhered closely to Aratus' scheme of the constellations, making no mention of Berenice's Hair, Equuleus, or the Southern Crown. The text, as we have it, is from a manuscript exhumed in the 15th century from an old German library by Poggius, the celebrated Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, who rescued so much of our classic literature from the dust of ages.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref2" id="note2" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">2</a> The figures in this old manuscript are spirited, many of them beautiful, and all studded with stars, but with no attempt at orderly arrangement; and, although in perfect preservation, high antiquity has been claimed for them as of ancient Roman times. Hugo Grotius reproduced them in his<i>Syntagma Arateorum</i>, and the <i>Manuscript</i> is still preserved in the University Library at Leyden.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref3" id="note3" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">3</a> The work of Caesius (Philip Zensen), the <i>Coelum Astronomico-Poeticum</i>, published by Johannes Blaeu at Amsterdam in 1662, is much quoted by La Lande, and is a most interesting source of information as to star-names and the mythology of the constellations, with many extracts from Greek and Roman authors. He mentions sixty-four figures, but some of his star-titles, as also perhaps those of other astronomical writers, would seem merely to be synonyms for the human originals erroneously assumed as for their sky namesakes.</div>
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★</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref4" id="note4" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">4</a> This appeared in the <i>Coelum Stellatum Christianum</i>, which, according to its title-page, was the joint production of Schiller and Bayer, an enlarged reprint of the <i>Uranometria</i> of 1603: and Gould says that it was in reality the 2d edition of Bayer's work, almost ready for the press at the latter's death in 1625, but appropriated by Schiller to embody his own absurd constellation changes.</div>
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★</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref5" id="note5" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">5</a> All culminations mentioned in this work are for this hour.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref6" id="note6" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">6</a> This book, a <i>Learned Treatise on Globes</i>, was a translation by Master John Chilmead, of Oxford, of two early Latin works by Robert Hues and Io. Isa. Pontanus. It is an interestingly quaint description of the celestial globes of that and the preceding century, with their stellar nomenclature.</div>
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★</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref7" id="note7" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">7</a> The catalogue of this author, Muḥammād abu Bekr al Tizini al Muwakkit, was published at Damascus in 1533 with 302 stars, and from its long list of purely Arabic star-names was regarded as worthy of translation and republication by Hyde, in 1665, with the original text. The <span class="archaic" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0) !important;">muwakkit</span>of his title indicates that he was shaykh of the grand mosque.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref8" id="note8" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">8</a> This last author, to whom I shall make frequent reference, was Joannes Baptista Riccioli, of the Society of Jesus, whose <i>Almagestum Novum</i>of 1651 and <i>Astronomia Reformata</i> of 1665 were famous in their day, and are interesting in ours, as preserving to us much of the queer mediaeval stellar nomenclature, as well as of the general astronomical knowledge of the times. In the 2d volume of this last work is a long list of titles, curiosities in philology, with this heading: <i>Nomina Stellarum Peregrinum & Plerumque Arabica</i>; while the comment thereon, <span class="Latin" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0) !important;">ne mirere Lector, si eidem Stellae diversa nomina videbis adscripta, pro diversitate Dialectorum aut codicum fortasse corruptorum</span>, might well have served as a motto for this book. He is noted, too, as having drawn for his <i>Almagest</i> the 2d map of the moon, — Hevelius preceding him in this by four years, — and as having given the various names to its various features, more than two hundred of these being still in use, while all but six of those given by his justly more celebrated contemporary have been discarded. His lunar titles naturally were Jesuitical; nor was he overmodest, for his own name appears first in the list, and that of his colleague Grimaldi immediately succeeding.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref9" id="note9" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">9</a> The Arabic manuscript of this author, with its star-list of about the year 1650, has been reviewed by Mr. E. B. Knobel in the <i>Monthly Notices</i> of the Royal Astronomical Society for June, 1895. It contains 112 stars, perhaps taken from Al Tizini's catalogue of the preceding century. The Achsasi of his title was from the village of similar name in the Fayūm, doubtless his birthplace; and, like Tizini, he was shaykh of the grand mosque in Cairo, where his work was written.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref10" id="note10" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">10</a> Struve was the first director of the Russian National Observatory at Poulkowa, where he was succeeded by his son Otto; and two of the grandsons bear names already celebrated in astronomy.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref11" id="note11" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">11</a> The star-names of China that appear in this work are few in comparison with the total in the great number of that country's constellations. I occasionally cite them merely to indicate the general character of Chinese stellar nomenclature.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref12" id="note12" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">12</a> This is the New General Catalogue of Doctor J. L. E. Dreyer, published in 1887.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref13" id="note13" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">13</a> Messier's <i>Catalogue</i>.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref14" id="note14" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">14</a> This planet was known to the Greeks as <span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">Ζεύς</span>, and as <span class="Greek" style="color: rgb(153, 102, 0) !important; font-family: Avdira, 'Titus Cyberbit Basic', serif !important;">Φαέθων</span>, the Shining One.</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref15" id="note15" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">15</a> This reminds us of Dante's beautiful simile in the <i>Paradiso</i>, although of a different object:</div>
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So that fire seemed it behind alabaster.</div>
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Thayer's Notes:</h2>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/#ref:Andromeda_and_Joppa" id="note:Andromeda_and_Joppa" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">a</a> Strabo <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/1B2*.html#2.35.5" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="Strabo_E">(<span class="small" style="font-size: 13.6000003814697px;">I</span>.2.35) </a>doesn't say exactly that; rather he reports that some writers put Andromeda at Joppa. At any rate, the mention of this town reveals the connection between the chained woman Andromeda and the legend of St. George, rescuer of damsels in distress: Clermont-Ganneau, in his ground-breaking study on the myth of St. George, <i>Horus et Saint Georges d'après un bas-relief inédit du Louvre</i>, explores the matter in several places in his essay, especially in <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/oddnotes/stgeorge/horus/hg1.html#IV" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="offsite">section <span class="small" style="font-size: 13.6000003814697px;">IV</span> </a>(and several notes there).</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref:Scaliger" id="note:Scaliger" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">b</a> The elder Scaliger is meant, Julius Caesar Scaliger. His dates are 1484‑1558, and his life as a scholar began only in 1512: he is thus best characterized as "16th‑century".</div>
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<a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Andromeda*.html#ref:Andromeda_Galaxy" id="note:Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) !important; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9.27999973297119px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">c</a> <a href="http://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.cgi?M31" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="offsite"><span class="star" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">M31</span> </a>is the Andromeda Galaxy: not a nebula or a solar system, but our sister galaxy, the nearest one like us. Allen is like a lens into our past: most of his astronomical discussion is wrong, superseded by 20c science; for example, the distance to <span class="star" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 204) !important; font-family: Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; font-style: italic;">M31</span> is 2.9 million light-years — not thirty thousand times, but roughly 190 billion times that to the Sun.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="endnotes" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, 'Gentium Plus', serif; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;"></a><span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, 'Gentium Plus', serif; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="endnotes_T" style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, 'Gentium Plus', serif; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;"></a><span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, 'Gentium Plus', serif; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;"></span></div>
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While I'm at it, the names commonly used for the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter, even in scientific contexts, are universally those given them by Marius.</div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-38013266917229102642015-04-06T08:34:00.004-07:002015-04-06T08:45:13.504-07:00Galaxia de Andromeda e sua Vicinitude e o Grupo Local<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Meu Projeto</span></div>
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">NGC 224 = M31</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Wide-Field Image</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/33014op.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33014op/Andromeda/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/large/35567.jpg" height="389" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellation</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his </span><em style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="512" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></div>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> NGC 185 (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">e NGC 147 (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">MGC 221 = M32</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></div>
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<a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-k-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big><br />Recorded (964) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></div>
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<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b><span style="font-size: small;">M32 (= </span></b></big></a><span style="font-size: small;"><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</b></big><br />Discovered (1749) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)<br />A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">O GRUPO LOCAL</span></b><br /><span style="font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group</a></span></span></span></div>
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;">
<span dir="auto"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#mw-navigation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#p-search" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Local_Group.svg/640px-Local_Group.svg.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img alt="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg/800px-Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">The original image is located here:</span></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a class="external free" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg</span></span></a></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Author</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img alt="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/800px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #aaaa88; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer<br />Designation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 13px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 13px;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Name <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Size <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Principal Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Multiple Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">NGC Objects in Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">IC Objects Data - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Abell Galaxy Clusters - The Night Sky Atlas</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img alt="Postcards from Andromeda" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-84381724048319574092015-04-06T08:33:00.000-07:002015-11-11T03:54:16.911-08:00Via Lactea e Andromeda abraçando-se em futuro distante?<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada</span></h3>
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2013/11/Andromeda-Milky-Way-Mike-Taylor-9-8-2013-Bold-Coast-Maine.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda" height="960" id="Image5_img" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpR1bEgZO1RHeNa8x8y_2TYe02NnuVpZ97ioDeT_9Z7zaGYbHfqSUUGwOYAc_USKPHrnKuAUW9OYbCxuo3pu_kdpX2s6wPNYnqYhesDG78guZ4FL-XWnmxDtFvJaRkRjHKVLyJee1ZtOm/s1600/mike+talor+milk+way+and+andromeda.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="629" /> </span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span><br style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span><br style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-m-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-n-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; padding: 8px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><br style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/" style="line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">VÍDEOS:</b></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #073763; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DA TERRA .......................... AO CÉU ....................</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: #ffe599; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span><br />
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-60224441107791660412015-04-06T08:28:00.000-07:002015-04-06T08:28:07.487-07:00Os Objetos Messier em Andromeda<header><div class="header-outer" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; position: relative;">
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<a href="http://visitandoosobjetosmessier.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #073763; text-decoration: none;">Visitando os Objetos Messier</a></h1>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="7269179611590919245"></a><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #633207; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Andromeda</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Olá!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Andromeda, a Galáxia, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">acaba sendo mais conhecida como nossa galáxia-irmã</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">do que propriamente como uma constelação!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">M31 designa a Galáxia Andromeda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">e durante muito e muito tempo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">foi conhecida como a Grande Nebulosa Andromeda.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existem galáxias satélites </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">duas delas são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 = NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31).</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Podemos, então, perceber</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que Andromeda é bem mais do que uma Nebulosa</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(podendo, inclusive, ser observada a olho nu, com visão enviesada,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes!)</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que ainda acolhe outros mundos em torno de si mesma,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">riquíssima Galáxia que é.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E, nestes últimos dias, viemos comentando</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre o Mito de Andromeda</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sendo representado através algumas constelações</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Peixes, Pegasus, Cetus </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e agora, Andromeda, e ainda Perseus! -,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acolhendo seus Objetos Messier </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com a exceção de Cepheus).</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Mito de Andromeda sempre desperta nossa atenção</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- talvez por ser representado por tantas constelações nos céus estrelados! -</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e pode ser revistado por nós</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao final desta Postagem.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E se você, Caro Leitor,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">quiser conhecer um tantinho mais de meu Trabalho</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre a constelação de Andromeda,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acesse</span><br /><span style="background-color: #fefdfa; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></span><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #fefdfa; color: #274e13; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>ANDROMEDA, </b></span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Posicionamento:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 22h56m / 2h36m Declinação +21<sup>o</sup> 4’ a +52<sup>o</sup> 9’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">História:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ( Século 2 DC).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda é uma constelação muito conhecida</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - juntamente com as demais constelações que fazem parte de seu Mito - </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em função de M31, uma galáxia espiral gigante </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">muitíssimo próxima à nossa própria Galáxia, a Via Láctea. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Essas duas galáxias são consideradas as maiores </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">dentro do chamado Grupo Local que acolhe cerca de 20 membros.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Fronteiras:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A constelação de Andrômeda </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">situa-se entre as constelações de </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cassiopéia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Peixes, Áries e Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Johann Bayer — Andromeda</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><a href="http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">O Mito de Andromeda:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para devastar aquele país. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento matando o monstro </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s1600/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s640/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="512" /></span></a></div>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Philippe La Hire, <i>Planisphere celeste,</i> 1705<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span><br /><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>M31, M32 E M110,</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>OS OBJETOS MESSIER</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NA DIREÇÃO DA CONSTELAÇÃO ANDROMEDA</b></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Messier 31</span></h1>
<a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/galaxy.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Spiral Galaxy</a> M31 (NGC 224), type Sb, in <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/map/And.html" style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a><div>
<b>Andromeda Galaxy</b><br /><b><br /></b></div>
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<tr><th align="left">Right Ascension</th><td align="center">00 : 42.7 (h:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Declination</th><td align="center">+41 : 16 (deg:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Distance</th><td align="center">2900 (kly)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Visual Brightness</th><td align="center">3.4 (mag) </td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Apparent Dimension</th><td align="center">178x63 (arc min)</td></tr>
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Known to Al-Sufi about AD 905.</div>
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Messier 31 (M31, NGC 224) is the famous <i>Andromeda galaxy</i>, our nearest large neighbor galaxy, forming the <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/more/local.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Local Group</a> of galaxies together with its companions (including <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m032.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M32</a> and <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m110.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M110</a>, two bright dwarf elliptical galaxies), our <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/more/mw.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Milky Way</a> and its companions, <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m033.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M33</a>, and others.</div>
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Visible to the naked eye even under moderate conditions, this object was known as the "little cloud" to the Persian astronomer <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/alsufi.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a>, who described <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/more/m031_alsufi.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">and depicted</a> it in 964 AD in his <i>Book of Fixed Stars</i>: It must have been observed by and commonly known to Persian astronomers at Isfahan as early as 905 AD, or earlier. <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m-ref.html#allen" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">R.H. Allen (1899/1963)</a> reports that it was also appeared on a Dutch starmap of 1500. <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/history/biograph.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Charles Messier</a>, who <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/history/m-cat.html#M31" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">cataloged it</a> on August 3, 1764, was obviously unaware of this early reports, and ascribed its discovery to <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/marius.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Simon Marius</a>, who was the first to give a telescopic description in 1612, but (according to R.H. Allen) didn't claim its discovery. Unaware of both Al Sufi's and Marius' discovery, <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/similar/hodierna.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Giovanni Batista Hodierna</a> independently rediscovered this object before 1654. <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/halley.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Edmond Halley</a>, however, in his <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/similar/halley_pt.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">1716 treat of "Nebulae"</a>, accounts the discovery of this "nebula" to the French astronomer <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/bullialdus.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Bullialdus</a> (Ismail Bouillaud), who observed it in 1661; but Bullialdus <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/Mdes/dm031.html#bulliald" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">mentions</a> that it had been seen 150 years earlier (in the early 1500s) by some anonymous astronomer (<a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m-ref.html#allen" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">R.H. Allen, 1899/1963</a>).</div>
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It was longly believed that the "Great Andromeda Nebula" was one of the nearest nebulae. <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/wherschel.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">William Herschel</a> believed, wrongly of course, that its distance would "not exceed 2000 times the distance of Sirius" (17,000 light years); nevertheless, he viewed it at the nearest "island universe" like our Milky Way which he assumed to be a disk of 850 times the distance of Sirius in diameter, and of a thickness of 155 times that distance.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LEIA MAIS</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m031.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m031.html</a></span><br /><br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEr3zGxIpezo3W83uFL23itmqopbBwc-y2IG2ymUU9gzgbEsq3S85tEWyY3UEBATuOUJa6P6J104wpLeZtHfxJZZz-RYZdvfadzQe_MZ0lqcULacXXpVDpPUkTWMna_I8ZcHBlgYdPNS4/s1600/gal%C3%A1xia+andromeda.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEr3zGxIpezo3W83uFL23itmqopbBwc-y2IG2ymUU9gzgbEsq3S85tEWyY3UEBATuOUJa6P6J104wpLeZtHfxJZZz-RYZdvfadzQe_MZ0lqcULacXXpVDpPUkTWMna_I8ZcHBlgYdPNS4/s1600/gal%C3%A1xia+andromeda.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.stellarium.org/pt/</span></div>
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<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK_GE7T6wfX3FhsjFX483KwgLK6skro9jXmGBSf8D_lIKugc5325DHEhVaEIeIc5MDz51VSlBdSWfbetIRiLTqIz2DqBNsSnGzDKbaAIL4z90P4PlnsV7Ian_iCs0Kl3uE51GAJsAtfZE/s1600/31+aproximada.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.stellarium.org/pt/</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, </span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, </span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar</span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. </span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É uma galáxia do tipo espiral</span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, </span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><h2 style="background-image: url(http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/graphics/newscenter_h2_background.gif); background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px !important; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="512" /></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br /><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; color: #274e13; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #274e13; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #274e13; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Zb38j_hgt_E6ORs4HVQUOPmQ7XCEPtl6-3hUX8L1PuJJdVsFGTBsgHZgvEQS-GR_u7VnJ9M4y81FDocpXnRci1n_vXbW_wFH2elpq0tpUjuxV3DvJ_ca2u7GlrLRzlS1_kCpXrmTs07e/s1600/CLOSE+UP+DE+ANDORMEDA+-.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="635" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></td></tr>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #274e13; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #274e13; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #274e13; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 = NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> NGC 185 (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e NGC 147 (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>.<b> <span style="font-size: medium;">The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>.</span> </b>Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big><br />Recorded (964) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></div>
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<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" height="750" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><br /></a><big><b><br /></b></big></span></div>
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Pesquisas <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectroscopia" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscópicas</a> indicam que M32 está sobre os braços de Andrômeda. Não há nenhuma <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linha_espectral" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Linha espectral">linha espectral</a> escura que possa indicar que a luz da galáxia elíptica tenha passado pela <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meio_interestelar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Meio interestelar">matéria interestelar</a> do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano_gal%C3%A1ctico" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Plano galáctico">plano galáctico</a> de Andrômeda. Por esta maneira, concluiu-se também que Messier 32 está mais próxima da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Terra">Terra</a> do que M31.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-3" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">1</a></span></div>
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Está se aproximando radialmente do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Solar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistema Solar">Sistema Solar</a> a uma velocidade de 203 km/s, embora seja esse mesmo valor a velocidade radial do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sol">Sol</a> em torno da Via-Láctea. Conclui-se que a velocidade relativa entre M32 e a Via-Láctea é praticamente nula. Entretanto, sua companheira maior, Andrômeda, está se aproximando da Via-Láctea a aproximadamente 100 km/s e, portanto, Messier 32 e Andrômeda estão se aproximando uma da outra a essa mesma velocidade.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-4" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">1</a></span></div>
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A outra galáxia brilhante satélite de Andrômeda, Messier 110, tem profundas diferenças em comparação à M32. Enquanto Messier 32 é uma galáxia elíptica clássica, compacta e com uma superfície aparente brilhante, Messier 110 é mais tênue; é classifcada não como uma galáxia elítpica, mas sim como uma galáxia esferoidal anã e exibe características ausentes em M32, como <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_globular" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado globular">aglomerados globulares</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-5" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">1</a></span></div>
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Messier 32</h1>
<i><a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/galaxy.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Elliptical Galaxy</a> M32 (NGC 221)</i>, type E2, in <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/map/And.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a></center>
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<b>A Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31</b></center>
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<tr><th align="left">Right Ascension</th><td align="center">00 : 42.7 (h:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Declination</th><td align="center">+40 : 52 (deg:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Distance</th><td align="center">2900 (kly)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Visual Brightness</th><td align="center">8.1 (mag) </td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Apparent Dimension</th><td align="center">8x6 (arc min)</td></tr>
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Discovered 1749 by Guillaume-Joseph-Hyacinthe-Jean-Baptiste Le Gentil de la Galaziere (Le Gentil).</div>
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Messier 32 (M32, NGC 221) is the small yet bright companion of the Great Andromeda Galaxy, <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m031.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M31</a>, and as such a member of the <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/more/local.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Local Group</a> of galaxies. It can be easily found when observing the Andromeda Galaxy, as it is situated 22 arc minutes exactly south of M31's central region, overlaid over the outskirts of the spiral arms. It appears as a remarkably bright round patch, slightly elongated at position angle 150-330 deg, and is easily visible in small telescopes.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LEIA MAIS</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m032.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m032.html</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MGC 221 = M32</b> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="3" class="infobox_v2" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); clear: right; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 2px; width: 20em;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><small>M32, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio_Espacial_Hubble" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio Espacial Hubble">Telescópio Espacial Hubble</a></small></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Descoberto por</td><td valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Data de descoberta</td><td valign="top">de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1749" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1749">1749</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Dados observacionais (J2000)</b></th></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">Constelação</a></td><td valign="top"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andromeda</a></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Tipo</td><td valign="top">E2</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">Asc. reta</a></td><td valign="top">0<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">h</span> 42<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span> 41,87<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">s</span></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Declinação">Declinação</a></td><td valign="top">+40° 51' 57,2"</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Distância</td><td valign="top">2,25 milhões <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano-luz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ano-luz">anos-luz</a> (0,7 milhões <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">kpc</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desvio_para_o_vermelho" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Desvio para o vermelho">Redshift</a></td><td valign="top">-0.00068</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">Magnit. apar.</a></td><td valign="top">8,2</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Dimensões</td><td valign="top">8' 42" x 6' 30"</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Características físicas</b></th></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Raio</td><td valign="top">7.800 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano-luz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ano-luz">anos-luz</a></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_absoluta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude absoluta">Magnit. abs.</a></td><td valign="top">12,5</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Massa">Massa</a></td><td valign="top">3 mil M<span style="height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; top: 0.5ex; vertical-align: baseline;">☉</span></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Outras denominações</b></th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" valign="top">NGC 221, APG 168, Ark 12, IRAS 00399+4035, K79 1B, LEDA 2555, RX J0042.6+4052, UGC 452, Z 0039.9+4036, Z 535 - 16</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Mapa</b></th></tr>
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<a class="image" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Locator_Dot2.gif" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32"><img alt="Messier 32" data-file-height="15" data-file-width="15" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
<a class="image" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Andromeda_constellation_map.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Andromeda constellation map.png" data-file-height="2559" data-file-width="2559" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/240px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/360px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/480px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png 2x" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LEIA MAIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a></div>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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Messier 110</h1>
<i><a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/galaxy.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Elliptical Galaxy</a> M110 (NGC 205)</i>, type E6p, in <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/map/And.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a></center>
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<b>A Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31</b></center>
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<a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/Jpg/m110.jpg" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><img align="right" alt="[m110.jpg]" border="0" src="http://messier.obspm.fr/JpgSm/m110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<tr><th align="left">Right Ascension</th><td align="center">00 : 40.4 (h:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Declination</th><td align="center">+41 : 41 (deg:m)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Distance</th><td align="center">2900 (kly)</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Visual Brightness</th><td align="center">8.5 (mag) </td></tr>
<tr><th align="left">Apparent Dimension</th><td align="center">17x10 (arc min)</td></tr>
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Discovered by Charles Messier in 1773.<br /></div>
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Messier 110 (M110, NGC 205) is the second brighter satellite galaxy of the Andromeda galaxy <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m031.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M31</a>, together with <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m032.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">M32</a>, and thus a member of the <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/more/local.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Local Group</a>.</div>
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Curiously, this galaxy was discovered by <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/history/biograph.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Charles Messier</a> on August 10, 1773, as <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/history/m-cat.html#M110" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">described</a> in the <i>Connaissance des Tems</i> for 1801, and depicted on <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/history/m-m31_42.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">his fine drawing</a> of the "Great Andromeda Nebula" and its companions published in 1807. However, Messier did never himself include this object in his catalog, due to unknown reasons, perhaps a certain sloppiness in recording. It was the last <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/addition.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">additional object</a>, added finally by <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/kgj.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Kenneth Glyn Jones</a> in 1966. Independent of Messier's discovery, <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/cherschel.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Caroline Herschel</a> independently <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/similar/cher.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">discovered</a> M110 on August 27, 1783, little more than 10 years after Messier, and <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/wherschel.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">William Herschel</a> numbered it H V.18 when he <a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/similar/herschel.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">cataloged it</a> on October 5, 1784.</div>
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<a href="http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m110.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://messier.obspm.fr/m/m110.html</a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="3" class="infobox_v2" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); clear: right; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 2px; width: 20em;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><small>Messier 110</small></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Descoberto por</td><td valign="top">Charles Messier</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Data de descoberta</td><td valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_agosto" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de agosto">10 de agostode</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Dados observacionais (J2000)</b></th></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">Constelação</a></td><td valign="top"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andromeda</a></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">Asc. reta</a></td><td valign="top">00<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">h</span> 40<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span> 22,1<span style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">s</span></td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Declinação">Declinação</a></td><td valign="top">+41° 41′ 07″</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Distância</td><td valign="top">2,690 milhões de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano-luz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ano-luz">anos-luz</a> (820<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">kpc</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desvio_para_o_vermelho" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Desvio para o vermelho">Redshift</a></td><td valign="top">-0,000804 ± 0,000010</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">Magnit. apar.</a></td><td valign="top">892</td></tr>
<tr><td scope="row" valign="top">Dimensões</td><td valign="top">21,9 × 11,0 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto_de_arco" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto de arco">minutos de arco</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #99c9e6; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Outras denominações</b></th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" valign="top"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a> 0205, PGC 002429, MCG +07-02-014, IRAS 00376+4124, LEDA 2429</td></tr>
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<a class="image" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Locator_Dot2.gif" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110"><img alt="Messier 110" data-file-height="15" data-file-width="15" height="10" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif/10px-Locator_Dot2.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Locator_Dot2.gif 2x" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="10" /></a></div>
<a class="image" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Andromeda_constellation_map.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Andromeda constellation map.png" data-file-height="2559" data-file-width="2559" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/240px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/360px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Andromeda_constellation_map.png/480px-Andromeda_constellation_map.png 2x" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</a></span><br /></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(242, 238, 228); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Saiba mais sobre a constelação de Andromeda, </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>acessando meu Trabalho apresentado em</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b> http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/36137" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/36137</a></span></div>
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<strong>Título: </strong> Andromede, persee, Le Triangle (Andromeda, Perseus e Triângulo)</div>
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<strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a> / <a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA,</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">E PERSEUS, O HERÓI</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda e Perseus são os atores principais desse Mito</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">enquanto os atores coadjuvantes </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são Cefeus e Cassiopéia, o pai e a madrasta (ou mãe) de Andromeda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- duas constelações bem ao norte, realmente -;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o Cavalo Alado Pegasus, imensa constelação, que carrega o herói Perseus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o leva até a rocha onde Andromeda está acorrentada</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sendo ameaçada de morte pelo monstro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que mora nos mares dos Peixes.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bem da verdade, é a constelação dos Peixes</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que atua enquanto palco e cenário para esse Mito acontecer</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e lhe traz a importância ímpar por fazer parte da Linha da Eclíptica!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Todas estas constelações posicionam-se tomando um imenso espaço</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> nos céus estrelados</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o Sol passeia nas imediações das constelações </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">realizando seu andamento na Linha da Eclíptica, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">durante os meses </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de março, abril e maio, quer dizer,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao longo de seu andamento através as constelações </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de Aquário, Peixes, Aries e Touro!).</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vamos encontrar </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a maior parte das constelações desse Mito </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">já ao norte da Linha da Eclíptica </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e com os Peixes nadando neste lugar</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (na linha do aparente andamento do Sol)</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e ainda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sempre penso que podemos considerar Cetus, a Baleia, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">praticamente pertecendo à Roda do Zodíaco</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (porque volta e meia acolhe a Lua ou outra luz)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e situando-se mais ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Podemos perceber que o entrecruzamento das Linhas da Eclíptica e do Equador</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o chamado Ponto Vernal, o Ponto do Equinócio da Primavera</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para o hemisfério norte)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acontece bem próximo ao primeiro Peixe </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sob o grande quadrado de estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> formado pelo belíssimo cavalo Pegasus, ao norte, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ainda os Peixes possuem uma espécie de cordão umbilicial, digamos assim, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que os atam, de alguma maneira, ao mostro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia, ao sul....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e a vicinal Andromeda não deixa de atuar como atriz principal </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de todas estas questões...., </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">porque, afinal, a Princesa Acorrentada é a essência da construção desse Mito.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Veja na belíssima Ilustração abaixo,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus, a Baleia, o monstro-marinho, nadando ainda distanciado de Andromeda, </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e morando ao sul da Linha da Eclíptica,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que, por sua vez, o andamento do Sol vivencia os mares dos Peixes</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e situa mais ao norte as demais constelações</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus.</span></div>
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<b><br /></b><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</a></span><br /><div class="productDetailItem" style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste <strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">The map exhibits the constellations in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his <em>Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA E PERSEUS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>nos céus estrelados:</b></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA:</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></div>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação dos Peixes</span></b></span><br /><div style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É neste cenário - nos mares dos Peixes - que podemos encontrar a Ilha</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">onde Andromeda está amarrada às pedras e sendo ameaçada</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pelo Monstro Marinho, Cetus, a Baleia.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A Constelação de Cetus</b>, <b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia, a Rainha Invejosa, a Mulher Sentada</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, e mãe de Andrômeda. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambas eram belíssimas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mas, por todos esses acontecimentos, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, como um lição de humildade.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p><br /></span><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A constelação de Perseus</b>, <b>o Herói e Campeão</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> capa e asas nos pés e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando retornava para sua casa, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô e endoideceu de tanta dor, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Cefeus, o pai de Andrômeda </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e sua filha Andrômeda </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em comemoração sobre os eventos e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>O CATÁLOGO MESSIER</b></span></div>
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O <b>Catálogo Messier</b> é um <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_astron%C3%B4mico" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo astronômico">catálogo astronômico</a> composto por 110 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9u_profundo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Céu profundo">objetos do céu profundo</a>, compilado pelo <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Astronomia">astrônomo</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="França">francês</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> entre 1764 e 1781.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">1</a></span>Originalmente com o nome "<i>Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des amas d'Étoiles, que l'on découvre parmi les Étoiles fixes sur l'horizon de Paris</i>" (<i>Catálogo de Nebulosas e Aglomerados Estelares Observados entre as Estrelas Fixas sobre o Horizonte de Paris</i>), foi construído com objetivo de identificar objetos do céu profundo, como<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosa">nebulosas</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_estelar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado estelar">aglomerados estelares</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia">galáxias</a> que poderiam ser confundidos com <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Cometa">cometas</a>, objetos de brilho fraco e difusos no <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9u_noturno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Céu noturno">céu noturno</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-inic_2-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-inic-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">2</a></span></div>
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Antes de Messier, vários outros astrônomos elaboraram catálogos semelhantes, como a lista de seis objetos de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a>,<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">3</a></span> o catálogo de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Derham" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="William Derham">William Derham</a>, baseado no catálogo de estrelas de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Hevelius" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Johannes Hevelius">Johannes Hevelius</a>, o <i>Prodomus Astronomiae</i>, o Catálogo das Nebulosas do Sul de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Louis_de_Lacaille" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nicolas Louis de Lacaille">Nicolas Louis de Lacaille</a>, de 1755, bem como as listas de<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Maraldi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Giovanni Domenico Maraldi">Giovanni Domenico Maraldi</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Philippe_de_Ch%C3%A9seaux" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux">Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux</a>. Os diferentes objetos do catálogo são designados pela letra M seguida de um número, que corresponde à ordem cronológica das descobertas ou inclusões: assim, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_do_Caranguejo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosa do Caranguejo">M1</a> corresponde ao primeiro objeto catalogado, enquanto que a <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, conhecida desde a <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>, é apenas o objeto M31. Os objetos do catálogo, conhecidos como "Objetos Messier", também constam em outros catálogos mais recentes, como o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a> (NGC).</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Hist.C3.B3ria">História</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Crab_Nebula.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3864" data-file-width="3864" height="220" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/220px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/330px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/440px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2eee4; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
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A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_do_Caranguejo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosa do Caranguejo">nebulosa do Caranguejo</a> (M1), a primeira entrada do Catálogo Messier</div>
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Messier foi motivado a elaborar o catálogo enquanto estava à procura do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cometa_Halley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Cometa Halley">cometa Halley</a> em 1758.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">4</a></span> <span class="reference" id="cite_ref-buscab_5-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-buscab-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">5</a></span> Segundo os cálculos orbitais de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Nicolas_Delisle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph-Nicolas Delisle">Joseph-Nicolas Delisle</a>, chefe do<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_astron%C3%B4mico" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Observatório astronômico">observatório astronômico</a> onde ele trabalhava, Halley reapareceria na <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Taurus">constelação do Touro</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Delisle_6-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-Delisle-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">6</a></span> Enquanto observava o céu noturno à procura de Halley, descobriu independentemente outro cometa<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-cometas_7-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-cometas-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">7</a></span> e um objeto de aparência semelhante, mas que não se movia em relação às estrelas vizinhas, sendo o primeiro <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetos_do_c%C3%A9u_profundo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Objetos do céu profundo">objeto do céu profundo</a>descoberto pelo astrônomo francês. Esse objeto é conhecido atualmente como a <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_do_Caranguejo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosa do Caranguejo">Nebulosa do Caranguejo</a>, o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remanescente_de_supernova" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Remanescente de supernova">remanescente</a> da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1054" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="SN 1054">supernova de 1054</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-crab_nebula_8-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-crab_nebula-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">8</a></span></div>
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Com o objetivo de não mais confundir esses objetos difusos e fixos com cometas, Messier decidiu procurar outros objetos que poderiam enganar a si próprio e a outros astrônomos e decidiu incluí-los em um catálogo que descrevesse suas posições exatas e características.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-ca.C3.A7adordecometas_9-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-ca.C3.A7adordecometas-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">9</a></span> Segundo o próprio astrônomo:</div>
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"O que me levou a construir o catálogo foi a descoberta da nebulosa I acima do chifre sul de Touro em 12 de setembro de 1758, enquanto observava o cometa daquele ano. Esta nebulosa tinha tamanha semelhança com um cometa em sua forma e brilho e me esforcei para encontrar os outros, de modo que os astrônomos não mais confundissem estas mesmas nebulosas com cometas."<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-ca.C3.A7adordecometas_9-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier#cite_note-ca.C3.A7adordecometas-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">9</a></span></div>
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SAIBA MUITO MAIS, acessando</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> entre o céu e a terra..., </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>bem como percebendo que o caos, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>vagarosamente,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>vai se tornando Cosmos</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Quer dizer, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Com um abraço estrelado,</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Janine Milward</b></span><br /><div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b><br /></b></span><div>
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"></span><br style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;" /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alguns dados apresentados neste Trabalho<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">devem requerer do Caro Leitor</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">alguma pequena retificação.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Obrigada por sua compreensão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visitando os Sites abaixo,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olá!</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se você estiver sob um céu mais escuro e transparente</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e em um lugar mais distanciado das luzes poluentes urbanas,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">poderá identificar o Grande Quadrado de estrelas</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que formam o corpanzil do Cavalo Alado Pegasus</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao mesmo tempo em que uma dessas estrelas - Alpheratz -</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">também atua enquanto estrela-alpha Andromedae!</span></span></div>
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<b style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> A ESTRELA COMPARTILHADA </b></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>PELAS CONSTELAÇÕES</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>PEGASUS E ANDROMEDA:</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>ALPHERATZ</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.stellarium.org/pt/</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Z4UAy12eA_bHvjb-L7B8qQ0iW_5R8R7H3AUy9Cg99Bxpy8ymhEXEXJ63GHwdvtX5dRNza64g4tL-M2fZ7Fda0aM1Bg8Tm8EwWHpCFkyspdEW26uhZEKBpY_Gu03u5vPANpNbHs79fIw/s1600/lua+dia+12,+Peixes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Z4UAy12eA_bHvjb-L7B8qQ0iW_5R8R7H3AUy9Cg99Bxpy8ymhEXEXJ63GHwdvtX5dRNza64g4tL-M2fZ7Fda0aM1Bg8Tm8EwWHpCFkyspdEW26uhZEKBpY_Gu03u5vPANpNbHs79fIw/s1600/lua+dia+12,+Peixes.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.stellarium.org/pt/</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. Foi também cavalgando o Cavalo Alado Pegasus que Perseus pôde salvar Andromeda de sua morte pelo monstro marinho, Cetus, nos mares dos Peixes.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"> Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/35069.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span></a></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Map Maker: </strong><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;"></span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;"> / </span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Detailed star chart of Pegasus, Pisces and Equuleus, from Fortin's <em>Atlas Celeste de Flamsteed </em>. . , published in Paris. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">John Flamsteed was the first Astronomer Royal at the London Observatory, winning out over Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Pegasus, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">O CAVALO ALADO</span></b><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pegasus é uma constelação muito fácil de ser reconhecida por apresentar um proeminente quadrado formado por três membros Alpha Pegasi, Markab, Beta Pegasi, Scheat e Gamma Pegasi, Algenib, e ainda acolhendo a estrela Alpha Andromedae, Alpheratz. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este Asterismo é chamado de O Quadrado de Pegasus:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Imagem extraída do Facebook e sem créditos, infelizmente</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>Markab</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>. Alpha Pegasi. </b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h 03,8m - Declinação +15<sup>o</sup> 05’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,57 - Distância 109 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela branca situada na asa de Pegaso. De Marka, Navio ou Veículo ou também Retornando de Longe. Em outra versão, a Sela, vocábulo árabe para designar o dorso de Pegaso.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Scheat</span><span lang="EN-US">. Beta Pegasi. Estrela Variável.</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela de amarelo profundo e irregularmente variável (de 2,1 a 3,0) e distante 210 anos-luz, situada na perna esquerda de Pegaso. O Peito, nome árabe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das quatro estrelas que compõem o Grande Quadrado do Cavalo Alado (as outras são Alpheratz (ou Sirrah) que Pegasus compartilha com Andrômeda (sua Alpha), a estrela-alpha Pegasi, Markab e a estrela-gamma, Algenib.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>Algenib</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>. Gamma Pegasi.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude 2.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela branca situada na ponta da Asa de Pegaso. De Al Janah, a Asa, ou Al Jamb, o Lado. <span lang="PT">Significa Aquele que Carrega. A Asa do Cavalo Alado.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">Alpheratz</span></b><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Uma estrela situada entre Andrômeda e Pegasus - Alpha Andromedae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A cabeça de Andrômeda e parte do Cavalo Alado, Pegasus. </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> É uma estrela colocada na constelação de Andrômeda</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> mas que possui seu grande simbolismo em relação ao conceito de Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: symbol;">δ</span> Pegasi</span></center>
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<tr><td width="650"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Delta Pegasi is rarely called ‘delta’ since it also goes by the name of alpha Andromedae (Sirrah or Alpheratz).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">The star forms the northeastern corner of The Great Square of Pegasus: <a href="http://www.dibonsmith.com/peg_6.gif">binoculars</a>.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">In the same region is the notable binary <i>85 Pegasi</i>, (BU 733), a multiple system:<br /> AB (yellow-orange and orange-reddish): 5.8, 8.9; 273º, 0.8" with an <a href="http://www.dibonsmith.com/peg_85.gif">orbit</a> of 26.27 years.<br /> AC (orange): 5.8, 9.9; 326º, 173.8".</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.dibonsmith.com/peg_d.htm</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">© 1998-2014 by Richard Dibon-Smith.</span></span></h4>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">THE GREAT SQUARE OF PEGASUS – ASTERISM</span></div>
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The Great Square of Pegasus represents the main body of Pegasus. It is a prominent asterism made up of three bright stars in Pegasus and Alpha Andromedae, which in ancient times was considered to belong to both Pegasus and <a href="http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/andromeda-constellation/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out; box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out;">Andromeda</a>constellations and marked both the navel of the horse and the top of Andromeda’s head. In the 17th century, Johann Bayer gave the star a dual designation, Alpha Andromedae and Delta Pegasi. The name Delta Pegasi has long been retired and the star is now known only as Alpha Andromedae, or by its proper name, Alpheratz.</div>
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The other stars that form the Great Square of Pegasus are Markab (Alpha Pegasi), Scheat (Beta Pegasi), and Algenib (Gamma Pegasi).</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;">O Mito de Andromeda</span></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas, Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento matando o monstro e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado, e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/36137/Andromede_Persee_Le_Triangle_Andromeda_Perseus_and_Triangle/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Title: </strong>Andromede, Persee, Le Triangle (Andromeda, Perseus & Triangle)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a> / <a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes<b></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda,</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>História:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo. ( Século 2 DC).</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Alpheratz ou Sirrah</b>. Alpha Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela dupla, branca avermelhada, no cabelo de Andromeda. </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> De Al Surrat al Farás, falando sobre a parte do cavalo</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - por ter sido pertencente a Pegasus, anteriormente. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta estrela também é conhecida por <b>Sirrah</b>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;"><b>Alpha Andromedae</b>, também chamada <b>Alpheratz</b>, <b>Sirah</b> ou <b>Delta Pegasi</b></span><span style="color: #252525;">, é a </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela">estrela</a><span style="color: #252525;"> mais brilhante da constelação de </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andrômeda</a><span style="color: #252525;">. Está situada no extremo nordeste da constelação de </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a><span style="color: #252525;"> e como tal também pode ser designada por </span><b style="color: #252525;">Delta Pegasi</b><span style="color: #252525;"> (δ Peg), apesar de este nome não ser mais utilizado. Está localizada a 97 anos-luz da Terra.</span></div>
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É uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_bin%C3%A1ria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela binária">estrela binária</a> de magnitude 2,2, de classe B (azul-branco). É composta por duas estrelas que orbitam próximas e que só se conseguem distinguir através de análise <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectroscopia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscópica</a> cuidada. A maior das duas tem um tamanho dez vezes superior. O <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Período orbital">período orbital</a> tem 96,7 dias. A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estelar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Classificação estelar">classe espectral</a> é B8 e o par é 200 vezes mais luminoso que o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sol">Sol</a>, com uma temperatura à superfície de 13000 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></div>
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A estrela maior possui uma grande abundância de vários elementos, tais como <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)">mercúrio</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gálio">gálio</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manganês">manganês</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Európio">európio</a>, na sua atmosfera. Por outro lado, outros elementos têm concentrações muito baixas. Estas anomalias podem ser o resultado da pressão gravitacional da estrela.</div>
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A estrela é classificada como do tipo <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_vari%C3%A1vel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela variável">variável</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari%C3%A1vel_Alpha%C2%B2_Canum_Venaticorum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Variável Alpha² Canum Venaticorum">Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum</a> e a sua magnitude varia de +2,02 até +2.06, com um período de 23,19 horas.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae</a></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology_and_cultural_significance"><span style="font-size: small;">Etymology and cultural significance</span></span></h2>
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The names <i>Alpheratz</i> and <i>Sirrah</i> both derive from the Arabic name, <b>سرة الفرس</b> <i>surrat al-faras</i> "the navel of the mare". (سرة alone is <i>surrah.</i>) The word <i>horse</i>reflects the star's historical placement in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus (constellation)">Pegasus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup> Another term for this star used by medieval astronomers writing in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> was راس المراة المسلسلة <i>rās al-mar'a al-musalsala</i> "the head of the woman in chains",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup> the chained woman here being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a>. Other Arabic names include <i>al-kaff al-khaḍīb</i> and <i>kaff al-naṣīr</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Goldstein1985_25-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-Goldstein1985-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[25]</a></sup></div>
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In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> lunar zodiac, this star, together with the other stars in the Great Square of Pegasus (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Α Pegasi">α</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Β Pegasi">β</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Γ Pegasi">γ Pegasi</a>), makes up the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakshatra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nakshatra">nakshatras</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABrva_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pūrva Bhādrapadā">Pūrva Bhādrapadā</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Uttara Bhādrapadā">Uttara Bhādrapadā</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-2" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup></div>
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In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">壁宿</span> (<span lang="zh-Latn" xml:lang="zh-Latn">Bì Sù</span>), meaning <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_(Chinese_constellation)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wall (Chinese constellation)">wall</a></i>, refers to an asterism consisting of α Andromedae and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Γ Pegasi">γ Pegasi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[26]</a></sup> Consequently, α Andromedae itself is known as <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">壁宿二</span> (<span lang="zh-Latn" xml:lang="zh-Latn">Bì Sù èr</span>, English: the second star of the wall.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[27]</a></sup></div>
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It is also known as one of the "Three Guides" that mark the prime meridian of the heavens, the other two being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Cassiopeiae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Cassiopeiae">Beta Cassiopeiae</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gamma Pegasi">Gamma Pegasi</a>. It was believed to bless those born under its influence with honour and riches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Olcott_28-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-Olcott-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[28]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Observation"><span style="font-size: small;">Observation</span></span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andromeda_constellation_map_(1).png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="420" data-file-width="562" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png/250px-Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png" height="187" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png/375px-Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png/500px-Andromeda_constellation_map_%281%29.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andromeda_constellation_map_(1).png" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf15/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" height="11" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Andromeda constellation. α Andromedae, labeled <i>Sirrah</i>, is at the lower right of the constellation, bordering Pegasus.</div>
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The location of α Andromedae in the sky is shown on the left. It can be seen by the naked eye and is theoretically visible at all latitudes north of 60° S. During evening from August to October, it will be high in the sky as seen from the northern midlatitudes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[29]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline"><br /></span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Optical_companion"><span style="font-size: small;">Optical companion</span></span></h2>
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<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_star" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Binary star">binary system</a> described above has an optical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_star" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Double star">visual companion</a>, discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> on July 21, 1781.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-usno_7-4" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-usno-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-burnham_31-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-burnham-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[31]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[32]</a></sup> Designated as <i>ADS 94 B</i> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitken_Double_Star_Catalogue" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aitken Double Star Catalogue">Aitken Double Star Catalogue</a>, it is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-type_star" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="G-type star">G-type</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Star">star</a> with an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_visual_magnitude" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Apparent visual magnitude">apparent visual magnitude</a> of approximately 10.8.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sb0_30-8" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-sb0-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[30]</a></sup> Although by coincidence it appears near to the other two stars in the sky, it is not close to them in space.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-burnham_31-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-burnham-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[31<br />]</a></sup></div>
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<b><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra..., bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>Janine Milward</b></span></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-24252234598076527692015-04-06T08:26:00.001-07:002015-04-06T08:26:04.768-07:00Andromeda em Algumas Estrelas e Alguns Objetos Interessantes<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu Projeto</span><br />
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span></h3>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg" height="426" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" height="270" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">NGC 224 = M31</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Deepest View of Space Yields Young Stars in Andromeda Halo</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Andromeda, as shown in Bayer's Uranometria" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/AndromedaBayer.jpg" height="619" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a> </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Credit:</b><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)</span></span></h1>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA's Hubble Celebrates 21st Anniversary with "Rose" of Galaxies</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: medium;"> e ao Infinito</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Constelações, Estrelas e Objetos Celestes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Suas histórias, seus mitos, seus significados e suas sintetizadas descrições<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações e Compilação,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Tradução para a língua portuguesa (em alguns momentos)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">bem como Comentários Pessoais:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span lang="PT">Janine Milward</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Alguns dados<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">são época/equinócio 1980<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">alguma pequena retificação.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Obrigada por sua compreensão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Visitando os Sites abaixo,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><em><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="font-size: medium; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Card 5</a> </span></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="text1745" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gloria Frederici, Andromeda, and Triangula</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;">ANDROMEDA, </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Posicionamento:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 22h56m / 2h36m Declinação +21<sup>o</sup> 4’ a +52<sup>o</sup> 9’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">História:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo. ( Século 2 DC).<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellation</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his </span><em style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Andromeda é uma constelação muito conhecida - juntamente com as demais constelações que fazem parte de seu Mito - em função de M31, uma galáxia espiral gigante muitíssimo próxima à nossa própria Galáxia, a Via Láctea. Essas duas galáxias são consideradas as maiores dentro do chamado Grupo Local que acolhe cerca de 20 membros.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Fronteiras:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A constelação de Andrômeda situa-se entre as constelações de Cassiopéia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Peixes, Áries e Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img alt="Sky chart of the constellation" src="http://www.heavens-above.com/conchart.ashx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT&con=And&fov=45&ra=0.8&dec=37&sz=800" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_imgConstellation" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; height: 800px; padding: 8px; width: 800px;" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.heavens-above.com/constellation.aspx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;">Algumas Estrelas </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;">e alguns objetos interessantes, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;">em Andromeda:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existe um <b>Asterismo</b> interessante e chamado de <b>A Gloria de Frederico</b>, composto pelas estrelas Iota, Kappa, Lambda e Psi Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Alpheratz ou Sirrah</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Alpha Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela dupla, branca avermelhada, no cabelo de Andromeda. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> De Al Surrat al Farás, falando sobre a parte do cavalo - por ter sido pertencente a Pegasus, anteriormente. Esta estrela também é conhecida por <b>Sirrah</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Mirach</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Beta Andromedae. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asc. Reta 01h08,6m - Declinação +35,31<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> Magnitude visual 2,37 - Distância 76 anos-luz</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela amarelada situada no colar de Andromeda. De Mirak. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em outra versão, a Ilhaorga, nome árabe que se refere à parte acorrentada do corpo de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Almach ou Alamak</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Eta Andromedae. <b>Estrela Dupla</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h02,7 - Declinação +42<sup>o</sup> 14<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,28 - Distância 260 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela binária (ou ternária), laranja, esmeralda e azul, situada no pé esquerdo de Andromeda. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">De Al Anak al Ard, um pequeno animal árabe, como um gambá <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(ou uma cabra, em outra versão)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma Andromedae 1 - Almach<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h00m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.06 Magnitude 2,3 e 5,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ângulo de Posição 63<sup>o</sup>.,0 Distância entre estrelas 9”,89<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">R Andromedae - Estrela Variável<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h21m Declinação +38<sup>o</sup>.18<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitudes: Max 5,0 Min 15,3 Período 409,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo PLG Espectro SE<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Distância: 10,32 anos-luz</strong> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Ross 248</strong>, fica a cerca de 10,32 anos-luz da Terra, e está realmente movendo-se tão rapidamente que daqui a cerca de 36 mil anos ela vai assumir o título de estrela mais próxima da Terra (além do nosso Sol). No entanto, ele vai começar se afastar-se novamente e abandonar o título cerca de 9000 anos mais tarde. Esta anã vermelha, é alvo de estudo científico intenso, e a sonda Voyager 2 vai passar a cerca de 1,7 anos-luz da estrela daqui a cerca de 40.000 anos. A estrela está localizada na constelação de Andrômeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><a href="http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb</span></a></span></div>
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<strong style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fonte: ciencia-online.net</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><img src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" height="359" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">NGC 404</span></b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia">galáxia</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">elíptica</a> (E-S0) localizada na direcção da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">constelação</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">Andromeda</a>. Possui uma declinação de +35° 43' 06" e uma<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_recta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão recta">ascensão recta</a> de 1 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 09 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 26,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia <b>NGC 404</b> foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_de_Setembro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="13 de Setembro">13 de Setembro</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1784">1784</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É visível, em telescópios amadores, perto da estrela <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Andromedae">Beta Andromedae</a> (a 7 minutos-arco) . Está localizada a cerca de 10,7 milhões de anos-luz da Terra, um pouco fora do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local">Grupo Local</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="NGC 404" src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2008-02r_img01_small.jpg" height="512" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Ghost of Mirach' Rears its Spooky Head</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The "Ghost of Mirach" galaxy is shown in visible light on the left, and in ultraviolet as seen by NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer on the right. The fields of view are identical in both pictures, with the Ghost of Mirach -- a galaxy called NGC 404 -- seen as the whitish spot in the center of the images. Mirach is a red giant star that looms large in visible light. Because NGC 404 is lost in the glare of this star, it was nicknamed the Ghost of Mirach.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But when the galaxy is viewed in ultraviolet light, it comes to "life," revealing a never-before-seen ring. This ring, seen in <span style="text-align: start;">blue in the picture on the right, contains new stars -- a surprise considering that the galaxy was previously thought to be, essentially, dead.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The field of view spans 55,000 light years across. The Ghost of Mirach is located 11 million light-years from Earth. The star Mirach is very close in comparison -- it is only 200 light-years away and is visible with the naked eye.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The visible data come from the Digitized Sky Survey of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="512" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" height="635" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></td></tr>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: medium;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> NGC 185 (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">e NGC 147 (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">MGC 221 = M32</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-k-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big><br />Recorded (964) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span></span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b>M32 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</b></big><br />Discovered (1749) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)<br />A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></h1>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span><br />
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 7662 - Andromeda - Nebulosa Planetária<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h25m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo Nebulosa Planetária NP Dimensão 0,3 Magnitude 16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude da Estrela associada 12 Distância em anos-luz 4,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 17”x14” </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma nebulosa planetária que parece uma estrela esfumaçada através telescópios pequenos. Com instrumentos mais potentes, podem ser vistos um anel brilhante e uma estrela central. Situa-se bem próxima à estrela Iota Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 7662</b>, also known as the <b>Blue Snowball Nebula</b> or <b>Snowball Nebula</b>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Planetary nebula">planetary nebula</a> located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The distance to this nebula is not known with any real accuracy. According to the Skalnate Pleso Catalogue (1951) the distance of NGC 7662 is about 1,800 light years, the actual diameter about 20,000 AU. In a more recent survey of the brighter planetaries, C.R.O'Dell (1963) derived a distance of 1,740 parsecs or about 5,600 light years, increasing the actual size to 0.8 light year, or nearly 50,000 AU. It has a faint central star that is variable, with a magnitude range of 12 to 16.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> The central star is a bluish dwarf with a continuous spectrum and a computed temperature of about 75,000K. The nuclei of the planetary nebulae are among the hottest stars known.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 7662 is a popular planetary nebula for casual observers. A small telescope will reveal a star-like object with slight nebulosity. A 6" telescope with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnification">magnification</a> around 100x will reveal a slightly bluish disk, while telescopes with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mirror" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Primary mirror">primary mirror</a> at least 16" in diameter may reveal slight color and brightness variations in the interior.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ngc7662hst.jpg/530px-Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg</span></a><br />
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<table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Source</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Howard Bond (ST ScI) and NASA/ESA</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 891 - Galáxia<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 891 Tipo Sb Galáxia Espiral Barrada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Ascensão Reta 02h22m6 Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.21 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 14.0x3.0 </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Um exemplo de galáxia espiral vista de lado, com uma banda proeminente de matéria interestelar ao longo do plano principal galáctico. Distante cerca de 43 milhões de anos-luz. Situa-se próxima à estrela Alamak ou Almach.</span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 891</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_espiral" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia espiral">galáxia espiral</a> localizada a cerca de trinta milhões de <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 9,197 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente cento e vinte mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a>, uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 10,1, uma declinação de +42º 21' 03" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 02 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 22 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 33,5 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 891 foi descoberta em Agosto de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1783">1783</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> e é muito estudada devido às suas semelhanças com a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via-L%C3%A1ctea" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Via-Láctea">Via-Láctea</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> Torsten Boeker, Space Telescope Science Institute (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">) , and </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 752 - Aglomerado Aberto - Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 01h56m Declinação +37<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude fotográfica global 6,6 Distância kpc 0,38<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diâmetro 45’ Tipo Espectral A5<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752</span></a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><b style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">NGC 752</b><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> é um </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_aberto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado aberto">aglomerado aberto</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> na direção da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">constelação de Andromeda</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. O objeto foi descoberto pelo astrônomo </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Hodierna" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Giovanni Hodierna">Giovanni Hodierna</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> em 1654, usando um </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> refrator com abertura de 0 polegadas. Devido a sua moderada </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (+5,7), é visível apenas com </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">amadores ou com equipamentos superiores.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://messier.seds.org/Pics/Ngc/n0752kc.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /><b>Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arp 273</span></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>is a group of interacting </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, lying 300 million<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_years" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Light years"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">light years</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>away in the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">constellation Andromeda</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. It was first described in the</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, compiled by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halton_Arp" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Halton Arp"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Halton Arp</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>in 1966.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1810&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1810 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1810</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, is about five times heavier.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;">It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1813&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1813 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1813</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: A "Rose" Made of Galaxies Highlights Hubble's 21st Anniversary</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: start;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">..................................</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The newly released Hubble image shows a large spiral galaxy, known as UGC 1810, with a disk that is distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. A swath of blue jewel-like points across the top is the combined light from clusters of intensely bright and hot young blue stars. These massive stars glow fiercely in ultraviolet light.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The smaller, nearly edge-on companion shows distinct signs of intense star formation at its nucleus, perhaps triggered by the encounter with the companion galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arp 273 lies in the constellation Andromeda and is roughly 300 million light-years away from Earth. The image shows a tenuous tidal bridge of material between the two galaxies that are separated from each other by tens of thousands of light-years.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Names</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UGC 1810, PGC 8961, MCG +06-06-023, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" style="text-decoration: none;">ARP 273</a>, VV 323a</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right Ascension (2000.0)</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02:21:28.7</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Declination</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+39:22:32</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Constellation</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda</span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video: Arp 273 </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">Zoom Sequence (Narrated)</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Video Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and Z. Levay, G. Bacon, and M. Estacion (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Image Credit:</span> A. Fujii; A. Block (Mount Lemmon SkyCenter, University of Arizona); Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), <a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>, Palomar/Caltech; and the <a href="http://heritage.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">Hubble Heritage</a> Team (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way </span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-m-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-e-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2013/11/Andromeda-Milky-Way-Mike-Taylor-9-8-2013-Bold-Coast-Maine.jpg" style="line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpR1bEgZO1RHeNa8x8y_2TYe02NnuVpZ97ioDeT_9Z7zaGYbHfqSUUGwOYAc_USKPHrnKuAUW9OYbCxuo3pu_kdpX2s6wPNYnqYhesDG78guZ4FL-XWnmxDtFvJaRkRjHKVLyJee1ZtOm/s1600/mike+talor+milk+way+and+andromeda.jpg" height="960" id="Image5_img" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="629" /> </span></a></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><b>O GRUPO LOCAL</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group</a></span></span></div>
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;">
<span dir="auto"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#mw-navigation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#p-search" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Local_Group.svg/640px-Local_Group.svg.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg/800px-Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">The original image is located here:</span><br />
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a class="external free" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></li>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/800px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-image: none; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429">Andrew Z. Colvin</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><br />
<h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></h1>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</a><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #aaaa88; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer<br />Designation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Name <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Principal Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Multiple Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">NGC Objects in Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">IC Objects Data - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Abell Galaxy Clusters - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></div>
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<a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-85248557569439879082015-04-06T08:23:00.002-07:002015-04-06T08:23:58.943-07:00Ainda sobre o Mito de Andromeda e Meus Comentários sobre esta constelação!<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olá!</span></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Leia nesta Postagem</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre este Mito contado através algumas constelações</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que envolvem personagens</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">como Andromeda e seus pais, Cepheus e Cassiopeia,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus, o Herói, e seu Cavalo Alado, Pegasus,</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ainda Cetus, a Baleia, o Monstro Marinho</span></div>
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<div style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que mora nos mares dos Peixes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E, para cada uma dessas constelações,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">estaremos trazendo</span></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">alguns de seus Temas que muito nos emocionam:</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Andromeda </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- M31, Nebulosa Andromeda, Galáxia Andromeda,</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Futura Colisão entre Andromeda e Via Lactea</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Perseus</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - Algol, o Olho da Medusa,</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">estrela-beta Persei, </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">estrela dupla e eclipsante</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Peixes</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - o Ponto Vernal </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o Asterismo Circlet, o Pequeno Círculo</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Cetus, a Baleia</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - a belíssima estrela Omicron Ceti,</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mira, a Maravilhosa da Baleia</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Pegasus </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- o Grande Quadrado acolhendo</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpheratz, </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Delta Pegasi e Alpha Andromeda: </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">u</span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">ma estrela </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">para duas constelações!</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Cassiopeia</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - As Nebulosas do Coração e da Alma!</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Cepheus </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">a Nebulosa de Reflexão </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;">NGC 7129</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Programa Stellarium - Ilustração realizada para Fortaleza, Ceará</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Caro Leitor,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre que a Lua ou algum Planeta (ou mesmo o Sol)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vem realizando seu andamento aparente</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">contra o pano de fundo do céu estrelado</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">começando pela constelação de Aquário</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e já se entrelaçando à constelação dos Peixes...,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entra em cena </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E PERSEUS, O HERÓI.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda e Perseus são os atores principais desse Mito</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">enquanto os atores coadjuvantes </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são Cefeus e Cassiopéia, o pai e a madrasta (ou mãe) de Andromeda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- duas constelações bem ao norte, realmente -;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o Cavalo Alado Pegasus, imensa constelação, que carrega o herói Perseus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o leva até a rocha onde Andromeda está acorrentada</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sendo ameaçada de morte pelo monstro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que mora nos mares dos Peixes.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bem da verdade, é a constelação dos Peixes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que atua enquanto palco e cenário para esse Mito acontecer</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e lhe traz a importância ímpar por fazer parte da Linha da Eclíptica!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Todas estas constelações posicionam-se tomando um imenso espaço</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> nos céus estrelados</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o Sol passeia nas imediações das constelações </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">realizando seu andamento na Linha da Eclíptica, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">durante os meses </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de março, abril e maio, quer dizer,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao longo de seu andamento através as constelações </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de Aquário, Peixes, Aries e Touro!).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vamos encontrar </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a maior parte das constelações desse Mito </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">já ao norte da Linha da Eclíptica </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e com os Peixes nadando neste lugar</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (na linha do aparente andamento do Sol)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e ainda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sempre penso que podemos considerar Cetus, a Baleia, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">praticamente pertecendo à Roda do Zodíaco</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (porque volta e meia acolhe a Lua ou outra luz)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e situando-se m</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">ais ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Podemos perceber que o entrecruzamento das Linhas da Eclíptica e do Equador</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o chamado Ponto Vernal, o Ponto do Equinócio da Primavera</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para o hemisfério norte)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acontece bem próximo ao primeiro Peixe </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sob o grande quadrado de estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> formado pelo belíssimo cavalo Pegasus, ao norte, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ainda os Peixes possuem uma espécie de cordão umbilicial, digamos assim, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que os atam, de alguma maneira, ao mostro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia, ao sul....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e a vicinal Andromeda não deixa de atuar como atriz principal </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de todas estas questões...., </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">porque, afinal, a Princesa Acorrentada é a essência da construção desse Mito.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Veja na belíssima Ilustração abaixo,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus, a Baleia, o monstro-marinho, nadando ainda distanciado de Andromeda, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e morando ao sul da Linha da Eclíptica,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que, por sua vez, o andamento do Sol vivencia os mares dos Peixes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e situa mais ao norte as demais constelações</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnis3_DaM6JSSNI_GMIXC-rhSoRvi-fXiOhzfKFvluleyhM3yUPeOwqd4BfTYHDl7KAGFLDlH_3bRJxNmG4O40gs8XvI5InjKMGbpDRXpCIl3v2g_tukWGQMTPH7rrZGGg07YRZC5wXg/s1600/35567.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnis3_DaM6JSSNI_GMIXC-rhSoRvi-fXiOhzfKFvluleyhM3yUPeOwqd4BfTYHDl7KAGFLDlH_3bRJxNmG4O40gs8XvI5InjKMGbpDRXpCIl3v2g_tukWGQMTPH7rrZGGg07YRZC5wXg/s1600/35567.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste <strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">The map exhibits the constellations in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his <em>Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Saiba mais sobre este belíssimo Mito<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">que faz parte das entrelinhas</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> – ou das estrelinhas –<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">dos céus estrelados ora sendo visitados pela Lua.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA E PERSEUS</span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33014op/Andromeda/Bayer.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNF-Hr9FV-eq3YVbAYxoo6vORSVvwpmbESquHrNO6IBCpGtc-ZDFnZBg4X2PnmrrjoN-4NrXx0wgJYBcDdBA7gY7OIljBgNvgLEUQrp-1OHXpP5-IEOdhHUI_uTjFPe16CkJfQC96e300/s1600/br_andromeda+john+Bayer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNF-Hr9FV-eq3YVbAYxoo6vORSVvwpmbESquHrNO6IBCpGtc-ZDFnZBg4X2PnmrrjoN-4NrXx0wgJYBcDdBA7gY7OIljBgNvgLEUQrp-1OHXpP5-IEOdhHUI_uTjFPe16CkJfQC96e300/s1600/br_andromeda+john+Bayer.jpg" height="472" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: normal;">Johann Bayer — Andromeda</span></div>
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">O Mito de Andromeda</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>matando o monstro</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>montados sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s1600/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s640/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="512" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts</a><br /><span style="color: #274e13;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>e alguns de seus Temas que mais nos emocionam:</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEM0HeFxI2E73urQsjt4Uf0UsEcEYJYwtAVdIUPtodPR2TU3ka0ZgToUEWd1vH4IWt94g6GemYHLlmmssaZ1DQ-Cjy5O61y3c8dIBxm8dE04V2DHFCqPSt_dH_nOvMOsO07lmdw7YUFc/s1600/36137.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEM0HeFxI2E73urQsjt4Uf0UsEcEYJYwtAVdIUPtodPR2TU3ka0ZgToUEWd1vH4IWt94g6GemYHLlmmssaZ1DQ-Cjy5O61y3c8dIBxm8dE04V2DHFCqPSt_dH_nOvMOsO07lmdw7YUFc/s1600/36137.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/36137/Andromede_Persee_Le_Triangle_Andromeda_Perseus_and_Triangle/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Andromede, Persee, Le Triangle (Andromeda, Perseus & Triangle) </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> / </span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Andromeda </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>- M31, Nebulosa Andromeda, Galáxia Andromeda,</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Futura Colisão entre Andromeda e Via Lactea</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Andromeda, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>a Princesa Acorrentada</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">matando o monstro</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">montados sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.</span><br />
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<img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jp</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia de Andrômeda encontra-se dentro da constelação com o mesmo nome. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É um belíssimo objeto a ser visto através mesmo simples binóculos! </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em locais de céus escuros e transparentes e com bom norte</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - já morei no Sítio da Laje, em Sapucaia, RJ, onde isso acontecia -,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> podemos olhar para a galáxia de Andrômeda </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">com nossa vista enviesada e a olho nú </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e nos surpreendermos com sua beleza rara.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Wide-Field Image</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> </span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">como também um simples par de binóculos</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> É uma galáxia do tipo espiral</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e, sem dúvida alguma,</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: small;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: small;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão, </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 13.5pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Dois Dedinhos de Prosa </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre minha Visão da Constelação de Andromeda</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e da Galáxia Andromeda:</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Eu já tive a felicidade de morar num Sítio vicinal ao Rio Paraíba, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>na cidadezinha de Sapucaia, divisa do Estado do Rio com as Minas Gerais, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>onde sempre a constelação de Andromeda atraía imensamente minha atenção </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>à vista desarmada e em olhar enviesado,</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> é claro, pois que os céus do norte naquele lugar</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> era realmente escuro e transparente</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - diferente do Sítio onde moro agora, o Sítio das Estrelas </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>(distante a dois quilômetros apenas da cidadezinha que me acolhe) </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e a cidade de Juiz de Fora (a <st1:metricconverter productid="65 quilmetros" w:st="on">65 quilômetros</st1:metricconverter>)</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> poluem com suas iluminações urbanas desenfreadas</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> minha visão mais ao norte e ao noroeste, infelizmente.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>O que sempre encantava meu olhar e meu coração em minhas observações </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>naquele Sítio em Sapucaia, era o fato de que, por um lado</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - ao norte - Andromeda, a galáxia, sorria para mim.... </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e, por outro lado - ao sul -, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>as duas Nuvens de Magalhães também se apresentavam!<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Ah, a observação dos céus estrelados a olho nú é algo realmente encantador, emocionante e somente aqueles que se dedicam a esse tipo de observação</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">saindo de suas poltronas (the arm-chair astronomer) </span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>e das telas maravilhantes de seus computadores -, conseguem compreender o maravilhamento que as estrelas e suas constelações </b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>e alguns objetos celestes visíveis à vista desarmada</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b> nos proporcionam,</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b> gratuitamente e quase eternamente....</b></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Com um abraço estrelado,</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Janine Milward</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2013/11/Andromeda-Milky-Way-Mike-Taylor-9-8-2013-Bold-Coast-Maine.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img alt="Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpR1bEgZO1RHeNa8x8y_2TYe02NnuVpZ97ioDeT_9Z7zaGYbHfqSUUGwOYAc_USKPHrnKuAUW9OYbCxuo3pu_kdpX2s6wPNYnqYhesDG78guZ4FL-XWnmxDtFvJaRkRjHKVLyJee1ZtOm/s640/mike+talor+milk+way+and+andromeda.jpg" height="640" id="Image5_img" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="419" /> </span></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"> Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="border-top-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 8px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: start;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span><br style="line-height: 18px;" /><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><br style="line-height: 18px;" /><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: start;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span><br style="line-height: 18px;" /><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #073763;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: start;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"></span><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-b-xlarge_web.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; line-height: 18px; padding: 8px; text-align: -webkit-center;" width="512" /><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/" style="line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/</a><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #073763;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Perseus</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - Algol, o Olho da Medusa,</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">estrela-beta Persei, </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">estrela dupla e eclipsante</span></b></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAiEoXGNSTUnnK5LAfqTR2JvezTgJwxpJpy1IobsaDB5XvS1YFp-xm0boSMRj1UfOBi6u_H6fTxod_zVtqTltK92kv9RuyRCcBC-9TqPopAx79vbAB29iSMSj_ypa2k4Q0mhKmMUHNNjc/s1600/PERSEUS.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAiEoXGNSTUnnK5LAfqTR2JvezTgJwxpJpy1IobsaDB5XvS1YFp-xm0boSMRj1UfOBi6u_H6fTxod_zVtqTltK92kv9RuyRCcBC-9TqPopAx79vbAB29iSMSj_ypa2k4Q0mhKmMUHNNjc/s640/PERSEUS.JPG" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="403" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A constelação de Perseus</b>, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>o Herói e Campeão</b></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> capa e asas nos pés </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando retornava para sua casa, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e endoideceu de tanta dor, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sabemos que o salvamento de Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de seu destino cruel </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o de ser devorada pelo monstro-marinho, Cetus),</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">foi realizado pelo herói e campeão Perseus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que chegou na ilha </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(onde a donzela encontrava-se acorrentada a uma imensa pedra)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> montado em Pegasus, o cavalo alado,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e trazendo consigo </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a cabeça decepada da Medusa, a Gorgona</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- cujo olhar (ainda vivo) transformava em pedra a tudo e a todos que a fitavam.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus salvou Andromeda </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e mostrou a cara da Medusa a Cetus </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- que petrificou-se.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus e Andromeda casaram-se e foram felizes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para (quase) todo o sempre.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nos céus estrelados do norte,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a constelação de Perseus encerra este Mito</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(após Cepheus, Cassiopea, Pegasus e Andromeda e Peixes e Cetus)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e, certamente, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">este término mostra-se intensamente contundente</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">através da figura considerada incrível e medonha e amedrontadora</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de ALGOL, estrela-beta Persei,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o olho esquerdo da Medusa </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- cuja cabeça ainda viva Perseus segura</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">por secula seculorom, ad infinitum, para todo o sempre...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>Herói Perseus e seu troféu, a Cabeça da Medusa</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b> sendo representada (o olho) pela estrela-beta Persei, Algol!</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicrohQCQ4-lI7Dr7XvIRRAWWH7xUNK9Ll4kmOtyhS2KoA_0gdINaIKG1QeuaExYhLyrEZB1kfQO7yvnXwu45xlrs1eE_kZ-wpeVGwVYyMTpeDgWsC3i6s9erVMRfPVQTMhXjEqGiFgxAc/s1600/450px-medusaPersus_by_Antonio_Canova_-_Vatican.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicrohQCQ4-lI7Dr7XvIRRAWWH7xUNK9Ll4kmOtyhS2KoA_0gdINaIKG1QeuaExYhLyrEZB1kfQO7yvnXwu45xlrs1eE_kZ-wpeVGwVYyMTpeDgWsC3i6s9erVMRfPVQTMhXjEqGiFgxAc/s1600/450px-medusaPersus_by_Antonio_Canova_-_Vatican.jpg" height="423" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Persus_by_Antonio_Canova_-_Vatican.jpg</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span class="fn" id="creator" style="line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: left;"><bdi><a class="extiw" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Canova" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="pt:Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a></bdi></span><span style="line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: left;"> (1757–1822) </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Excerto: Perseu com a cabeça da Medusa</span><br />
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<span dir="auto"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Algol.</b><b> Beta Persei. Estrela Dupla e Eclipsante</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span dir="auto"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 03h06,6m - Declinação +40<sup>o</sup> 52’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span dir="auto"><span style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,60 (variável) - Distância 105 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É uma estrela binária e branca e variável,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> marcando a cabeça da Medusa segura pelas mãos de Perseus. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Algol nos chama a atenção</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> por ser uma estrela binária e eclipsando </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">juntamente com sua companheira</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - do mesmo tamanho e que não se situa muito distante -, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em um período de não mais do que três dias! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existe, no entanto, uma terceira estrela, muito menor,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e que órbita esse sistema binário em 23 meses. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A companheira mais pálida e mais fria,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> regularmente acaba eclipsando a mais brilhante, mais quente companheira. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A magnitude de Algol varia entre 2.1 e 3.4 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">num período de 2 dias, 20 horas, 48 minutos e 56 segundos!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão, </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 13.5pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0C1iKbz_19tQ4kXe7umE4LGUa87NaLKBgXy1UKRqNALbiRLKbqtGKSsVPoTYAgm1bhtAfDt2c8BJJfe2AMz2pDske1kbKo3O70oBW4EYznkFPckG1RuM8PDEuWlC1rOFU1jZqS1qRKP-Q/s1600/gorgona.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0C1iKbz_19tQ4kXe7umE4LGUa87NaLKBgXy1UKRqNALbiRLKbqtGKSsVPoTYAgm1bhtAfDt2c8BJJfe2AMz2pDske1kbKo3O70oBW4EYznkFPckG1RuM8PDEuWlC1rOFU1jZqS1qRKP-Q/s640/gorgona.jpg" height="474" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes - excerto de Perseus</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: medium;">Algol ( <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_di_Bayer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;" title="Nomenclatura de Bayer">β For / β Persei</a> )</span></b><span style="color: #252525;"> é um </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_stellare" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistema de estrelas">sistema de estrelas</a><span style="color: #252525;"> na </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costellazione" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constelação</a><span style="color: #252525;"> de </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseo_(costellazione)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Perseus (constelação)">Perseus</a><span style="color: #252525;"> , que está a 93 </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_luce" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a><span style="color: #252525;"> do </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_solare" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistema solar">sistema solar </a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Anderson_2-0" style="color: #252525; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)#cite_note-Anderson-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="color: #252525;"> . É o mais conhecido </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binaria_a_eclisse" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eclipsando binário">binário eclipsando</a><span style="color: #252525;"> , o primeiro de seu tipo a ser descoberto, e é também um dos primeiros-nova (não) </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelle_variabili" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrelas variáveis">estrelas variáveis</a><span style="color: #252525;"> descobertas de longe.</span></div>
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<span class="" style="background-color: white;">Algol é um dos poucos visíveis a olho nu para mostrar uma acentuada </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_variabile" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela variável">variabilidade</a><span class="" style="background-color: white;"> : é o protótipo das </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variabile_Algol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Algol Variável">variáveis Algol</a><span class="" style="background-color: white;"> e é na verdade uma </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_tripla" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estelar triplo">estrela tripla</a><span class="" style="background-color: white;"> , onde a estrela principal, Algol A é regularmente </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclisse" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eclipse">eclipsado</a><span class="" style="background-color: white;"> pelo companheiro mais fraco, Algol B. Sua </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudine_apparente" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a><span class="" style="background-color: white;"> , geralmente de 2,12, cai para 3,39 a cada 2 dias, 20 horas e 49 minutos, por um período de 10 horas, o que é equivalente à duração do eclipse parcial. O eclipse secundário, o que ocorre quando a passagem principal na frente do secundário, apenas pode ser detectado photoelectrically. </span></div>
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<span class="">A 2,69 </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_astronomica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Unidade astronômica">UA</a><span class=""> roda, em torno do comum </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_di_massa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Centro de massa">centro de massa</a><span class=""> e em um período de 680 dias, Algol C, uma </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_di_classe_A_V" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Star Class AV">estrela branca</a><span class=""> de </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequenza_principale" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Seqüência Principal">sequência principal</a><span class=""> que tem uma </span><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Massa (física)">massa</a><span class=""> 1,7 vezes a do Sol </span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JK_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)#cite_note-JK-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4] </a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sixth_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)#cite_note-Sixth-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup><span class=""> .</span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)</a></span></div>
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<span class=""><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Algol_AB_movie_imaged_with_the_CHARA_interferometer.gif/220px-Algol_AB_movie_imaged_with_the_CHARA_interferometer.gif" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(astronomia)#mediaviewer/File:Algol_AB_movie_imaged_with_the_CHARA_interferometer.gif</span></div>
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<span class="mw-mmv-title" original-title="Nome del file" style="max-width: 60%;">Algol AB filme fotografada com o interferômetro CHARA </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Algol é uma palavra que advém de Ra’s al Ghul, </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>a Cabeça do Demônio. </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Algol representa a cabeça da Górgona Medusa que foi degolada por Perseus. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Medusa, que era a única mortal entre as três irmãs Gorgónas, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">era originalmente uma jovem bela </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">porém seu cabelo foi mudando e acrescendo serpentes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - feito realizado por Pallas Athenas</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> por causa do fato de que a Medusa ter se encontrado com Mercúrio</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e ter dado a luz a Chrysaor e Pegasus, seus filhos, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em um dos templos da deusa. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A aparência da Medusa tornou-se tão medonha </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que qualquer pessoa que olhasse para ela, transformava-se em pedra.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão, </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 13.5pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left;">Medusa</i><span style="line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left;">, obra de </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernini" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Bernini">Bernini</a><span style="line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left;">.</span><br style="line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left;" /><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museus_Capitolinos" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Museus Capitolinos">Museus Capitolinos</a><span style="line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left;">, </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma" style="background-image: none; color: #274e13; line-height: 15.8341131210327px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Roma">Roma</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Peixes</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - o Ponto Vernal </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e o Asterismo Circlet, o Pequeno Círculo</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação dos Peixes</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É neste cenário</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - nos mares dos Peixes - </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que podemos encontrar a Ilha</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">onde Andromeda está amarrada às pedras</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e sendo ameaçada</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pelo Monstro Marinho, Cetus, a Baleia.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" height="446" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania27.jpg</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Devido à Precessão, o equinócio vernal</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> situa-se em Peixes, </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>na linha de sua estrela Omega Piscium.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Segundo o astrônomo Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão, em sua 6<sup>a</sup>. edição do Atlas Celeste, página 163, podemos ler:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><b><i>Ponto Vernal.</i></b><i> Ponto da esfera celeste, situado na interseção da eclíptica com o equador, na qual o Sol, em seu movimento aparente anual, passa do hemisfério sul para o norte. O ponto vernal serve de origem para as ascensões retas e as longitudes celestes, intervindo desse modo nas definições de tempo. O ponto vernal é habitualmente designado como equinócio da primavera, equinócio vernal, primeiro ponto de Áries.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLBUuUZbc-PQIvxgGV92whBUGYhwsdViAEz0qGhfQaOenR5FFxRdCoi41z9irk42BC2IEvOVXKXXdq9DvwvpaXcz-sFOboIe7bK9Hn3vxQaQm5O4PL2By-WbVXr4gLX_mKiqAa9esFKhI/s1600/poonto+vernal+em+peixes.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLBUuUZbc-PQIvxgGV92whBUGYhwsdViAEz0qGhfQaOenR5FFxRdCoi41z9irk42BC2IEvOVXKXXdq9DvwvpaXcz-sFOboIe7bK9Hn3vxQaQm5O4PL2By-WbVXr4gLX_mKiqAa9esFKhI/s1600/poonto+vernal+em+peixes.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Excerto da constelação dos Peixes - Mario Jaci Monteiro, Cartas Celestes, As Constelações</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> Asterismo </b>nomeado de<b> Circlet, Pequeno Círculo</b>, composto pelas estrelas Gamma, Beta, Teta, Iota, 19, Lambda e Kappa Piscium<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este Pequeno Círculo - um dos dois Peixes - marca a proximidade do Ponto Vernal, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o cruzamento entre as Linhas do Equador celestial e da Eclíptica. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Este Asterismo é muitíssimo interessante</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">porque,</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> se o observarmos através nossa visão a olho nu</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">- sempre em momentos de ausência de Lua </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">e em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes -,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">conseguiremos detectar um pequeno círculo de estrelas tímidas</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">e que se diferenciam muitíssimo </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">do tom meio caótico de disposição em ziguezague</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> das estrelinhas </span><span style="line-height: 16.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">que compõem o Jarro e a Água entornando pelo Aguadeiro...., </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">água que acaba fazendo parte</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #073763;">dos mares dos Peixes!</span></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Programa Stellarium</span></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cetus, a Baleia</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - a belíssima estrela Omicron Ceti,</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Mira, a Maravilhosa da Baleia</b></span></div>
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Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A Constelação de Cetus</b>, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus, a Baleia, o monstro-marinho é uma constelação imensa,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> imensa como uma baleia é imensa,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e vem sempre nos chamando atenção de nossos olhares </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">voltados para desentrelaçar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">as estrelinhas tímidas e ziguezagueantes do Aguadeiro</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> das estrelinhas tímidas dos dois Peixes </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o primeiro Peixe não é difícil de ser identificado em seu asterismo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> chamado Circlet, o Pequeno Círculo, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que se posiciona bem junto e ao sul do Grande Quadrado</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> formado pelo corpanzil do Cavalo Alado Pegasus!)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É interessante observarmos o fato de que</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">se por acaso pensávamos que as águas terminaram... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(em Aguadeiro, Peixes e Peixes Austrinus... e ainda em Rio Eridano)....,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> estamos enganados porque a figura delineada por estrelas tímidas </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que perfazem Cetus, a Baleia, é algo realmente ameaçador, temeroso, terrível...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> por causa de seu imenso tamanho!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.... continuando.... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se acaso pensávamos que as águas terminaram..... não.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus, a Baleia, o monstro-marinho atua também próximo à terra firme </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">onde Aries,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> o Carneiro, bem como o Touro moram!</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira_(estrela)#mediaviewer/Ficheiro:Mira_1997.jpg</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="mw-mmv-title" original-title="Nome do ficheiro" style="font-size: x-small; max-width: 60%;">Mira 1997</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-mmv-source-author" original-title="Autor e informação sobre a fonte"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="mw-mmv-author">Margarita Karovska (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and NASA</span> - <span class="mw-mmv-source"><a class="external text" href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1997/26/image/c" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; text-decoration: none;">HubbleSite STScI-1997-26</a></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>Omicron Ceti - </b><b>Mira - Estrela Variável</b></span><span style="color: #073763; font-size: 16px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A Maravilhosa da Baleia</b>, </span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nome latino que lembra a notável variação de brilho desta estrela variável.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mira é denominada A Maravilhosa </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ocupa o lugar da mais brilhante e mais familiar estrela variável de longo período. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seu brilho varia entre Magnitude 2.1 e Magnitude 10, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em um período de cerca de 331 dias. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sua distância é de 250 anos-luz, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">com um diâmetro real de 230 vezes aquele do nosso Sol. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É uma supergigante vermelha </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e podemos observar que existe uma companheira</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> com variação de brilho entre 10 to 12 de Magnitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão, </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 13.5pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pegasus </b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>- o Grande Quadrado acolhendo</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Alpheratz, </b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Delta Pegasi e Alpha Andromeda: </b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">u</span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">ma estrela ornando</span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> duas constelações!</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Pegasus, </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">o Cavalo Alado</span><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>A Estrela compartilhada pelas constelações</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>Pegasus e Andromeda:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><b>Alpheratz</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se você estiver sob um céu mais escuro e transparente</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e em um lugar mais distanciado das luzes poluentes urbanas,</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">poderá identificar o Grande Quadrado de estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que formam o corpanzil do Cavalo Alado Pegasus</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao mesmo tempo em que uma dessas estrelas</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - Alpheratz -</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">também atua enquanto estrela-alpha Andromedae!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Programa Stellarium</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pegasus é uma constelação muito fácil de ser reconhecida</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> por apresentar um proeminente quadrado </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">formado por três membros Alpha Pegasi, Markab, Beta Pegasi, </span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Scheat </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e Gamma Pegasi, Algenib, </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ainda acolhendo a estrela Alpha Andromedae, Alpheratz. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este Asterismo é chamado de O Quadrado de Pegasus:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhovlrnqaAtkOFJ-KlY9sI-ZoohpL4GND3Ldnsp42qJji-8IVc9daEWjHlOK04qYacOM-MhyphenhyphenOtoCBNqSSOECHet0YgpCwq8JnBiX3KHAPprKa2ldZEfq00Z2pJfAuCrLev1Nfdw0qbzWr8/s1600/cavalo+pegasus+e+o+grande+quadrado.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhovlrnqaAtkOFJ-KlY9sI-ZoohpL4GND3Ldnsp42qJji-8IVc9daEWjHlOK04qYacOM-MhyphenhyphenOtoCBNqSSOECHet0YgpCwq8JnBiX3KHAPprKa2ldZEfq00Z2pJfAuCrLev1Nfdw0qbzWr8/s1600/cavalo+pegasus+e+o+grande+quadrado.jpg" height="427" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Imagem extraída do Facebook e sem créditos, infelizmente</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>Markab</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>. Alpha Pegasi. </b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h 03,8m - Declinação +15<sup>o</sup> 05’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,57 - Distância 109 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela branca situada na asa de Pegaso. De Marka, Navio ou Veículo ou também Retornando de Longe. Em outra versão, a Sela, vocábulo árabe para designar o dorso de Pegaso.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US">Scheat</span><span lang="EN-US">. Beta Pegasi. Estrela Variável.</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela de amarelo profundo e irregularmente variável (de 2,1 a 3,0) e distante 210 anos-luz, situada na perna esquerda de Pegaso. O Peito, nome árabe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das quatro estrelas que compõem o Grande Quadrado do Cavalo Alado (as outras são Alpheratz (ou Sirrah) que Pegasus compartilha com Andrômeda (sua Alpha), a estrela-alpha Pegasi, Markab e a estrela-gamma, Algenib.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>Algenib</b></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><b>. Gamma Pegasi.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude 2.84<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela branca situada na ponta da Asa de Pegaso. De Al Janah, a Asa, ou Al Jamb, o Lado. <span lang="PT">Significa Aquele que Carrega. A Asa do Cavalo Alado.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">Alpheratz</span></b><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Uma estrela situada entre Andrômeda e Pegasus - Alpha Andromedae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A cabeça de Andrômeda e parte do Cavalo Alado, Pegasus. </span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> É uma estrela colocada na constelação de Andrômeda</span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> mas que possui seu grande simbolismo em relação ao conceito de Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0f243e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;"><b>Alpha Andromedae</b>, </span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">também chamada <b>Alpheratz</b>, <b>Sirah</b> ou <b>Delta Pegasi</b></span><span style="color: #252525;">,</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #252525;"> é a </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela">estrela</a><span style="color: #252525;"> mais brilhante da constelação de </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andrômeda</a><span style="color: #252525;">. Está situada no extremo nordeste da constelação de </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a><span style="color: #252525;"> e como tal também pode ser designada por </span><b style="color: #252525;">Delta Pegasi</b><span style="color: #252525;"> (δ Peg), apesar de este nome não ser mais utilizado. Está localizada a 97 anos-luz da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_bin%C3%A1ria" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela binária">estrela binária</a> de magnitude 2,2, de classe B (azul-branco). É composta por duas estrelas que orbitam próximas e que só se conseguem distinguir através de análise <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectroscopia" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscópica</a> cuidada. A maior das duas tem um tamanho dez vezes superior. O <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Período orbital">período orbital</a> tem 96,7 dias. A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estelar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Classificação estelar">classe espectral</a> é B8 e o par é 200 vezes mais luminoso que o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sol">Sol</a>, com uma temperatura à superfície de 13000 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A estrela maior possui uma grande abundância de vários elementos, tais como <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)">mercúrio</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gálio">gálio</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manganês">manganês</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Európio">európio</a>, na sua atmosfera. Por outro lado, outros elementos têm concentrações muito baixas. Estas anomalias podem ser o resultado da pressão gravitacional da estrela.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A estrela é classificada como do tipo <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_vari%C3%A1vel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela variável">variável</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari%C3%A1vel_Alpha%C2%B2_Canum_Venaticorum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Variável Alpha² Canum Venaticorum">Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum</a> e a sua magnitude varia de +2,02 até +2.06, com um período de 23,19 horas.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology_and_cultural_significance"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Etymology and cultural significance</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The names <i>Alpheratz</i> and <i>Sirrah</i> both derive from the Arabic name, <b>سرة الفرس</b> <i>surrat al-faras</i> "the navel of the mare". (سرة alone is <i>surrah.</i>) The word <i>horse</i>reflects the star's historical placement in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus (constellation)">Pegasus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup> Another term for this star used by medieval astronomers writing in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> was راس المراة المسلسلة <i>rās al-mar'a al-musalsala</i> "the head of the woman in chains",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup> the chained woman here being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a>. Other Arabic names include <i>al-kaff al-khaḍīb</i> and <i>kaff al-naṣīr</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Goldstein1985_25-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-Goldstein1985-25" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[25]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> lunar zodiac, this star, together with the other stars in the Great Square of Pegasus (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91_Pegasi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Α Pegasi">α</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92_Pegasi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Β Pegasi">β</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93_Pegasi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Γ Pegasi">γ Pegasi</a>), makes up the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakshatra" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nakshatra">nakshatras</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABrva_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pūrva Bhādrapadā">Pūrva Bhādrapadā</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Uttara Bhādrapadā">Uttara Bhādrapadā</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_24-2" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-allen-24" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[24]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">壁宿</span> (<span lang="zh-Latn" xml:lang="zh-Latn">Bì Sù</span>), meaning <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_(Chinese_constellation)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wall (Chinese constellation)">wall</a></i>, refers to an asterism consisting of α Andromedae and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93_Pegasi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Γ Pegasi">γ Pegasi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-26" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[26]</a></sup> Consequently, α Andromedae itself is known as <span lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">壁宿二</span> (<span lang="zh-Latn" xml:lang="zh-Latn">Bì Sù èr</span>, English: the second star of the wall.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-27" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[27]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is also known as one of the "Three Guides" that mark the prime meridian of the heavens, the other two being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Cassiopeiae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Cassiopeiae">Beta Cassiopeiae</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_Pegasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gamma Pegasi">Gamma Pegasi</a>. It was believed to bless those born under its influence with honour and riches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Olcott_28-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-Olcott-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[28]</a></sup></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Cassiopea</span></b><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> - As Nebulosas do Coração e da Alma!</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6DgqVoj7SyLcCwixXsWLGSRP1bUY4aYdYr2VKYvMjcUYvQgO3K0X2eup_GQczPoHfnOSN1OWyYlkqv_phTEjDsxj0IAZ2F0JWPAN5-brRhQBnmAIw7FxcXftS9MHx9OqIW2q6_jlUz8c/s1600/Cassiopea,+Mario+Jaci.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #073763; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6DgqVoj7SyLcCwixXsWLGSRP1bUY4aYdYr2VKYvMjcUYvQgO3K0X2eup_GQczPoHfnOSN1OWyYlkqv_phTEjDsxj0IAZ2F0JWPAN5-brRhQBnmAIw7FxcXftS9MHx9OqIW2q6_jlUz8c/s640/Cassiopea,+Mario+Jaci.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="412" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia,</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> a Rainha Invejosa, </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a Mulher Sentada</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e mãe de Andrômeda. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambas eram belíssimas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mas, por todos esses acontecimentos, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">como um lição de humildade.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p><br /></span><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></div>
<span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #660000;">CORAÇÃO E ALMA,</span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #660000;">em Cassiopeia:</span></b><br />
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<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuse-ic-1795.jpg" height="541" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html" style="color: #274e13; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Imagem : </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">As dois <strong>Nebulosas do Coração e do Alma</strong>, IC 1805 (direita) e IC 1848 (esquerda</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">) são os maiores nesta foto. A nebulosa IC 1795 é a nebulosa pequena no canto superior direito da IC 1805 e IC 1871 está à esquerda de IC 1848.</span></h3>
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<a href="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuse-coeur-et-ame.jpg" style="color: #274e13; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosas do Coração e do Alma, IC 1805 IC 1848"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Nebulosas do Coração e do Alma, IC 1805 IC 1848" class="imgEdition" src="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuses-du-coeur-et-de-l-ame.jpg" height="256" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 0px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; height: auto; margin: auto; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: auto;" width="315" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Imagem : A região central da nebulosa IC 1795, é altamente coloridos por meio de filtros de larga banda.<br />A emissão de oxigênio azul, verde para os de hidrogênio, e vermelho para enxofre.<br />Esta foto foi tirada pelo Telescópio Espacial Hubble.</span></h3>
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<a href="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuse-ic-1795.jpg" style="color: #274e13; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" title="nebulosa IC 1795, uma nuvem de poeira"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="nebulosa IC 1795, uma nuvem de poeira" class="imgEdition" src="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuse-ic-1795_small.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 0px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; height: auto; margin: auto; padding: 8px; position: relative; width: auto;" width="315" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html" style="color: #274e13; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.astronoo.com/images/nebuleuses/nebuleuse-coeur-et-ame.jpg" height="520" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: rgb(250, 242, 217); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(241, 194, 50); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html" style="color: #274e13; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astronoo.com/pt/artigos/nebulosas-do-coracao-e-do-alma.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Cepheus </b></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">a Nebulosa de Reflexão </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;">NGC 7129</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> </span></span></b></div>
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Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Cefeus,</span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"> o pai de Andrômeda </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e sua filha Andrômeda </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em comemoração sobre os eventos </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;">NGC 7129</b><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> é uma </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_de_reflex%C3%A3o" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Nebulosa de reflexão">nebulosa de reflexão</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> situada a cerca de três mil e trezentos </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Terra">Terra</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> na </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Cefeu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Cefeu">constelação de Cefeu</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;">. No seu interior pode-se encontrar um enxame de mais de 120 </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;" title="Estrela">estrelas</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> jovens. Estas estrelas formaram-se a partir de uma nuvem maciça de </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Gás">gás</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;"> e poeira contendo material suficiente para formar cerca de mil estrelas como o </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Sol">Sol</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: start;">.</span><span class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="bottom: 1ex; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7129#cite_note-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">1</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7129#mediaviewer/File:NGC_7129_(Spitzer_Space_Telescope).jpg</span></span><br />
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<b>Young Suns of NGC 7129 </b><br /><b>Image Credit & <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply">Copyright</a>: </b>Johannes Schedler (<a href="http://panther-observatory.com/">Panther Observatory</a>)</center>
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<b>Explanation: </b>Young suns still lie <a href="http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/legacy/spitzer_n7129/caption.html">within dusty NGC 7129</a>, some 3,000 light-years away toward the royal <a href="http://www.astropix.com/HTML/E_SUM_N/CEPHEUSO.HTM">constellation Cepheus</a>. While <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.4252">these stars</a> are at a relatively tender age, only a few million years old, it is likely that our own Sun formed in a similar stellar nursery some five <i>billion</i> years ago. Most noticeable in <a href="http://panther-observatory.com/gallery/deepsky/doc/NGC7129_STX.htm">the sharp image</a> are the lovely bluish dust clouds <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011228.html">that reflect</a> the youthful starlight. But the compact, deep red crescent shapes are also markers of energetic, young stellar objects. Known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbig-Haro_object">Herbig-Haro</a> objects, their shape and color is characteristic of glowing hydrogen gas <a href="http://sparky.rice.edu/~hartigan/movies.html">shocked by jets</a> streaming away from newborn stars. Paler, extended filaments of <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309674">reddish emission</a> mingling with the bluish clouds are caused by dust grains effectively converting the invisible ultraviolet starlight to visible red light through <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap051229.html">photoluminesence</a>. Ultimately the natal gas and dust in the region will be dispersed, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_cluster#Eventual_fate">stars drifting apart</a> as the loose cluster orbits the center of the Galaxy. At the estimated distance of <a href="http://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n7129.html">NGC 7129</a>, this telescopic view spans about 40 light-years.</div>
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2011 October 27<br /><a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1110/NGC7129_schedler_c70.jpg"><img alt="See Explanation. Clicking on the picture will download
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWYyg9lQAyuTXFYxjfQJHm8QN30fW85M578FEGRoFI5GJSnwbes3ACkgiDGesRd7cJ7cZeFtmOm-DZVqeoQk3vD0mfZ1gTwrt6haAjFR75P8GBdL4moSIkg-wRLKOZjV3cACYDKF8K304J/s1600/hir2full.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- AS CONSTELAÇÕES - </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra..., </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">vagarosamente,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> vai se tornando Cosmos</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Janine Milward</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT"><span style="color: #274e13;">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro, </span></span><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA E PERSEUS</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">A Constelação dos Peixes</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É neste cenário - nos mares dos Peixes - que podemos encontrar a Ilha</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">onde Andromeda está amarrada às pedras e sendo ameaçada</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pelo Monstro Marinho, Cetus, a Baleia.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Les Poissons (Pisces) </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> / </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/36551/Les_Poissons_Pisces/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">O Mito de Andromeda</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas, Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento matando o monstro e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado, e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A constelação de Perseus</b>, <b>o Herói e Campeão</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada, capa e asas nos pés e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. Quando retornava para sua casa, ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô e endoideceu de tanta dor, mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Johann Bayer — Perseus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A Constelação de Cetus</b>, <b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/34421ac.jpg" height="302" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /><br /><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34421ac/_Cetus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34421ac/_Cetus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/35069.jpg" height="320" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-align: start;">Map Maker: </strong><span style="text-align: start;"></span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a><span style="text-align: start;"> / </span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Detailed star chart of Pegasus, Pisces and Equuleus, from Fortin's <em>Atlas Celeste de Flamsteed </em>. . , published in Paris. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">John Flamsteed was the first Astronomer Royal at the London Observatory, winning out over Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia, a Rainha Invejosa, a Mulher Sentada</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, e mãe de Andrômeda. Ambas eram belíssimas mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. Mas por todos esses acontecimentos, Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, como um lição de humildade.<o:p></o:p><br /><br /><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/33323op.jpg" height="298" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33323op/Cassiopeia/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33323op/Cassiopeia/Bayer.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Decorative map of the Constellation Cassiopeia, with the stars heightened in Gold. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The plate was originally included in the forty-eight maps of the individual constellations in Bayer's <em>Uranometria</em> in 1603. </span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cefeus, o pai de Andrômeda <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia, e sua filha Andrômeda em comemoração sobre os eventos e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/30845op/_Cepheus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/30845op/_Cepheus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/large/35567.jpg" height="389" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste <strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellations in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his <em>Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em> and engraved by Demasso.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3</span></td></tr>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-74948244975900419052015-04-06T06:28:00.002-07:002015-04-06T06:28:47.256-07:00Um Passeio pelo Céu Noturno do Sítio das Estrelas<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: center;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo </span><span style="text-align: center;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...; </span><span style="text-align: center;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: center;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Um Passeio pelo Céu Noturno </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">do Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></i></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Breve Roteiro de Viagem Celeste</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">para os tempos do Outono, Inverno, Primavera e Verão</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no Sítio das Estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Latitude 21s52 e da Longitude 43w00</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dois Dedos Iniciais de Prosa sobre o Céu no Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando eu pensei em me afastar da cidade grande, do Rio de Janeiro, meu desejo era o de morar sob as estrelas, num lugar aonde eu pudesse sempre estar comungando com suas luzes e com suas (quase) eternidades... E logo ao chegar ao pedaço de terra que me apareceu para ser por mim adquirido, o nome <i>Sítio das Estrelas</i> me veio de imediato à mente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Sítio das Estrelas é um lugar bastante apropriado para se olhar o céu estrelado. A bem da verdade, já foi melhor... Quando aqui cheguei, em 1998, a provinciana cidadezinha docemente chamada de Mar de Hespanha ainda abrigava uma população pequena. Com o tempo, a cidade foi crescendo e casas foram sendo construídas para abrigar as novas famílias, os bairros surgiram e a iluminação feérica também! Sendo assim, no Sítio das Estrelas, nosso norte não é nada bom pela presença da cidade próxima e também nosso noroeste, da mesma forma, porque ali podemos ver a iluminação crescente advinda da cidade de Juiz de Fora, distante a cerca de 60 quilômetros! Portanto, norte e noroeste acabam ficando comprometidos com a poluição luminosa... mas, mesmo assim, sempre podemos observar grandes espetáculos. No entanto, nosso leste e nosso sul e o zênite são bem mais interessantes, sem dúvida alguma... por enquanto... </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Aqui podemos ver a olho nú as duas Nuvens de Magalhães, a Cabeleira de Berenice, A Colmeia de Abelhas (M-44) ou Presépio, a Caixinha de Jóias, A Espada do Órion (M-42).... Também podemos acompanhar alguns serpenteados nos céus: o rio Eridanus começando bem ao sul e terminando aos pés do Gigante e Caçador Órion; a Hydra com sua cabeça triangular começando bem próxima ao Presépio e caminhando delicadamente, delineando, algumas constelações como a Taça, o Corvo, a Virgem, indo se esconder na Balança; a Cabeça da Serpente guardando as maravilhosas estrelas da Corona Borealis; a preciosidade e delicadeza das estrelinhas que compõem a Corona Australis; a Cabeleira de Berenice, quase um enxame de estrelas extremamente tímidas entre o Leão garboso e o Boieiro... Felicidade indescritível também é podermos nadar junto aos dois Peixes em seu mar celeste após termos quase que surfado nas ondas marolantes das estrelinhas tímidas e em ziguezague do Aquário, o Aguadeiro, advindos do Capricórnio que mais parece uma fraldinha de nenê... Infelizmente não dá para ver Andrômeda, a galáxia, a olho nu porque para os lados do norte e noroeste situa-se a cidade de Mar de Hespanha.... e um tantinho mais adiante, ocupando o noroeste e parte do oeste, situa-se a cidade de Juiz de Fora.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem, caro Caminhante, para o leitor que entende um pouquinho do céu estrelado, os nomes acima mencionados evocam emoção, estremecimento e felicidade: ver tudo isso a olho nú significa que o céu desse lugar é bem escuro e transparente..... Para o leigo, tudo isso significa o tanto que podemos ainda aprender juntos, realizando um verdadeiro Passeio pelo Céu Noturno do Sítio das Estrelas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Confesso ao Caminhante que sinto um imenso prazer em morar num lugar onde posso jantar olhando para algum Planeta caindo no oeste... (no carnaval passado, a Caminhante que aqui esteve, levantou seus olhos do prato e se viu ‘pega’ por uma luz intensa, no oeste..., e me perguntou: “que luz é aquela?” Eu respondi: “é Júpiter!”); posso acordar sob o albedo de Vênus ou de Júpiter resvalando por sobre minha cama; posso dormir sob a mira dos raios luminosos da Lua Cheia ou de outras Luas mais tímidas; posso, sempre que quero, sair para o gramado para saudar as estrelas, os planetas, me deixar surpreender por um risco cruzando os céus, uma estrela cadente... e fazer um pedido...; posso suspirar ao apontar para Omega Centauri com meus simples binóculos e então, em noites <i>verdadeiramente escuras</i> e transparentes, <i>tentar</i> divisar este belíssimo objeto, com a visão enviesada...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu diria, caro Caminhante, que me encanta o céu estrelado e é por isso que vim viver no Sítio das Estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Grande parte de minha vida noturna é dedicada a me deixar ser coberta pelo manto estrelado da nossa Via Láctea... e observar as luzes piscantes das estrelas observadas a olho nú – algumas vezes bem sumidas, fugidias (como aquelas da Cabeleira de Berenice, Aquário, Presépio, Hidra, Rio Eridano, por exemplo); a lâmpada acesa dos Planetas movendo-se para frente e para trás contra o pano de fundo das constelações, o caminho que a Lua, doce e mutável Lua vai traçando noite após noite, dia após dia; os chumaços de algodão que vão percorrendo os céus nos revelando a Galáxia onde vivemos e seu revirão na cauda do Escorpião..., bem como outras galáxias... agrupamentos, nebulosas...; um rasgo de luz de um meteoro cruzando o céu.... - todos marchando através da abóbada celeste, revelando seus segredos e sua beleza!</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO OUTONO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o outono chega, aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, as chuvas do verão vão escasseando de tal forma até se tornarem apenas uma lembrança... As noites voltam a mostrar suas estrelas em céu sem nuvens e o ar bem mais seco permite que suas luzes fiquem bem mais brilhantes e piscantes contra o pano de fundo da escuridão da abóbada celeste. Por que não aproveitarmos esses tempos de início seca do outono para observarmos o céu noturno, em belo passeio?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao começar nosso <i>tour</i> celeste, nestes dias de março, podemos ainda bem observar o adeus dos mares aonde a Baleia Cetus e os Peixes nadam vigorosamente... Também já nos despedimos do grande quadrado do cavalo alado Pégasus colado à constelação de Andrômeda e entre ambos, a luz fugidia e a olho nú bem enviesado da Galáxia com o nome da donzela que se apresenta maravilhosamente a nossos olhos revestidos com um simples par de binóculos e melhor ainda, através das lentes do telescópio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vale a pena observarmos um dos dois círculos formados pelas estrelas dos Peixes quase ao centro do grande quadrado formado pela constelação de Pegasus, imensa constelação, realmente. É bem neste ponto que encontra-se o Ponto Vernal, o equinócio da primavera.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando em linha quase reta para o sul, poderemos ainda ver a Pequena Nuvem já quase caindo no oeste enquanto a Grande Nuvem de Magalhães ainda a acompanha de longe, permanecendo um pouco mais de tempo nos céus. Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu, as chamava de as Mulas do Presépio! Pobre Fernão de Magalhães que nos perdoe!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o céu escurece por todo, já também o Carneiro, Áries, se coloca em posição de caída no horizonte oeste, levando consigo, mais ao norte, o herói Perseus que caminha juntamente com aquelas que nos chamam a atenção e nos trazem seus suspiros: as Plêiades que sempre me parecem um tercinho, um rosário.... por que não contá-las? Quatro, cinco, seis, sete.... doze....?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Estamos entrando, então, nos campos aonde o Touro pasta... e encontramos Aldebarã, o Olho do Touro, sua alfa - como é avermelhada, esta gigante.... será que algum dia poderemos vê-la explodindo em supernova? E as Hyades, não parecem uma arvorezinha de natal? Visto do sul, o Touro fica de cabeça para baixo...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Já quase caindo no oeste e bem mais ao sul de Cetus, ainda nos atrai a beleza de Achernar, o começo (ou o fim) do Rio Eridanus. O Eridanus corre sinuoso e tímido através dos céus até se encontrar com Rigel, o pé do Gigante Órion. Esse Rio tão belo pode apenas ser observado em céus escuros e transparentes, longe das luzes urbanas... assim como no Sítio das Estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Órion é reconhecidamente uma das mais belas constelação do céu estrelado. Seu Cinturão, as chamadas Três Marias (Alnilan, Mintaka e Alnitak), carregam a linha do equador celeste, ou seja, ao vermos o Gigante, podemos distinguir aquilo que pertence mais ao norte e aquilo que pertence mais ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesse momento de preciosa escuridão, por que não divisarmos todos os detalhes da figura do Gigante poderoso dos céus? Adoro ver seu Escudo, desafiadoramente enfrentando o Olho do Touro, Aldebarã. Sua cabeça é simples porém seus ombros trazem duas preciosidades: Belatrix e Betelgeuse. Porém, o melhor de Órion pode ser divisado a olho nú, apreciado através de binóculos e transformando o sonho em realidade através de bons telescópios: M42, seu berço de estrelas, parte da Espada do Gigante Caçador dos céus. Rigel é a estrela-beta desta constelação e é a seus pés que o Rio Eridanus começa a acontecer, já tendo sido anunciado anteriormente (pois caminha de volta ao leste) por sua Foz realizada pela estrela-alfa Achernar</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos nos esquecer que os Cães seguem o Gigante Órion em suas caçadas: O Cão Maior e o Cão Menor. Sírius, a mais bela e mais brilhante do céu, é sem dúvida, sempre esperada com ansiedade. Ainda no Cão Maior, binóculos podem ajudar no achado de chumaços simpáticos de estrelas, algumas que pertencem ao Cão Maior e outras que já fazem parte da Popa do Navio. Procyon, alfa do Cão Menor, vem sempre quase junto a Sírius, porém um tantinho atrás, como se fosse uma dama de companhia e já fazendo parte da côrte dos irmãos gêmeos Castor e Pollux.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela pisca bem ao norte... quem será? É Capela, alfa do Cocheiro! Realmente, esta estrela sempre nos chama a atenção pois que se encontra num lugar do céu do norte pouco habitado por grandes luzes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se bem percebermos, Já desde Perseus, passando pelo Cocheiro, caminhando entre o Touro e os pés dos Gêmeos e inundando o Cão Maior com seu brilho esfumaçado, realçando Sírius e navegando o Navio capitaneado por Canopus adentro (o Navio foi desmembrado em Popa, Vela, Carina)... e mergulhando no Cruzeiro do Sul (que volta a nos encantar com sua presença no céu do outono), enfim, marcando sua presença inefavelmente e inegavelmente, eis que vemos a Via Láctea com sua mancha esbranquiçada, algodão divino, leite derramado por tantas e tantas estrelas.... Em céus escuros como aqui no Sítio das Estrelas, bem podemos divisar o Saco de Carvão e outras manchas escuras na via esbranquiçada ao longo do Cruzeiro e redondezas e também enxames de algodão brilhante - como a Caixinha de Jóias, por exemplo. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E, ajudados por um bom par de binóculos, podemos nos deixar deslumbrar com a visão de Omega Centauri, um chumaço de estrelas conjugadas e formando um brilhante grande círculo! Falando em Centauro, por que não apreciarmos suas estrelas ponteadoras de seus pés, Alfa e Beta Centauri - sendo que a primeira nos apresenta o lugar onde se encontra Próxima Centauri, assim nomeada por ser a estrela mais próxima de nós, terráqueos, de nosso sistema solar. A bem da verdade, Alfa Centauri - também conhecida como Bungula ou Rigelkent - é um sistema triplo acolhendo a estrela mais perto de nós..</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Também outros belíssimos tesouros podem ser vistos entre o Cão Maior e o Cruzeiro do Sul (muitos deles na Popa do Navio), chumaços de estrelas formando belíssimos aglomerados que podem ser divisados a olho nú em lugares de céu bem escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em abril, o tempo se afirma em sua secura e quando a noite cai, podemos sempre observar os dois Gêmeos celestes, Castor e Pólux caminhando, literalmente pisando sobre a Via Láctea. É bem nos Gêmeos, na altura do ombro de Pólux, que se encontra o ponto do solstício de junho, trazendo o inverno para o sul e o verão para o norte, o ponto aonde a Terra se encontra mais distante em seu <i>tour</i> ao redor do Sol. As estrelinhas de Castor e Pólux podem ser estudadas bem esmiuçadamente porque aparecem bem distintamente em céus da roça escura, sem luz elétrica. (Confesso a você, Caminhante dos Céus, que o Sol transitava pelas pernas dos Gêmeos quando eu nasci!).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A ausência de luz elétrica e de poluição da atmosfera nesses tempos de abril e maio e junho, nos deixam entrever a constelação tímida de Câncer, o Caranguejo. Aqui no Sítio das Estrelas certamente podemos ver (e ver bem) M-44, o Presépio, ou a Colmeia de Abelhas, um verdadeiro berço de estrelas-crianças que viajam juntas e formam para nossos olhos uma lua cheia de luzes fugazes. É interessantes sabermos que o Caminho da Eclíptica passa pelo Presépio e é sempre uma grande honra podermos observar Planetas - ou mesmo a Lua crescendo ou minguando, sem muita luminosidade, é claro - sendo aconchegados pela grande lua cheia de estrelinhas tímidas que compõem o berço do Presépio!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Junto ao Caranguejo, em direção ao sul, podemos ver a Cabeça da Hydra e seu corpo sinuoso de estrelas pouco cintilantes rastejando pelos céus, enredilhando-se na Taça, no Corvo, na Virgem, finalizando, aparentemente, nas duas estrelas ponteadoras da Balança... Alfard, a alfa e o Coração da Hydra, bate avermelhadamente na noite escura e silenciosa.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Estamos agora nos dirigindo para nosso encontro com o garboso Leão, com suas estrelas alpha e beta, Regulus e Denébola, uma das patas dianteiras e a cauda do vigoroso felino. Mais ao norte do Leão, podemos com certeza, nos deliciar com grande parte do corpo da Ursa Maior, constelação norteante que aponta também para a Ursa Menor, que traz em sua cauda, a Estrela Polar (longe de nossos olhos do sul).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem ao sul, o Cruzeiro chega mais cedo a cada noite, sendo devidamente anunciado pelas duas estrelas que formam os pés do Centauro. A estrela alpha do Centauro, Rigel Kent, é um conjunto de três estrelas sendo que uma delas é a chamada Próxima Centauro... e por que? Porque é a estrela mais próxima de nós, de nosso Sistema Solar!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aproveite as noites de maio para melhor observar as estrelas do sul ainda mais ao sul do que o Cruzeiro. A Mosca é perfeitamente divisada assim como o Triângulo Austral. Por que não procurarmos pelo ponto do sul verdadeiro, o pólo sul? Não é difícil de chegarmos ao polo sul quando estamos sob um céu escuro e transparente porque as constelações que o rodeiam, mesmo que compostas de tímidas estrelas, podem ser bem delineadas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É realmente interessante observarmos o fato de que todo o céu mais ao sul tende a ir se concentrando, concentrando, como se estivesse passando por um funil.... Assim, as constelações e suas estrelas mais ao sul parecem deslizar ao longo da abóbada celeste como se fizessem uma elipse alongada, começando no sudeste, passando pelo zênite voltado para o sul e finalizando no sudoeste. Constelações como o Escorpião e o Corvo, por exemplo, apresentam seu rastejar e seu vôo, respectivamente, inteiramente contidos dentro dessa elipse alongada. O Navio também parece navegar nos mares celestes realizando esse trajeto, porém de maneira bem mais aproximada ao pólo sul, realmente. Podemos pensar, como num exemplo, o sul como uma vasilha em seu ponto de encontro com a mesa, em sua base, e a abertura da vasilha, seu vazio, como representativo do norte (será que me expliquei bem?)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Ah, eu gostaria de poder um dia ir a algum ponto bem ao sul do Planeta para poder observar o Cruzeiro do Sul e o Navio, por exemplo, durante toda a noite, assim como se dançassem uma roda de cantigas celestes! Ah, eu gostaria de um dia poder ir a algum ponto bem ao norte do Planeta para poder observar o Navio navegando alhures, distante, e espraiando-se pelo oceano sem fim!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tenho sempre um imenso prazer quando o Corvo começa a fazer seu vôo pelos céus, cruzando o leste mais o sul, fazendo quase uma meia-girada simbolizando um real vôo, até desaparecer no horizonte oeste, ao longo de sua passagem de alguns meses no ano.... Já desde final de março, início de abril, que podemos ver este pássaro nos céus, radioso, voando, voando, deslizando com seu vôo suave pela abóbada dos céus do sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No entanto, não podemos nos esquecer que o Leão também já vem rugindo desde há bastante tempo nos céus... Visto do sul, o Leão está de cabeça para baixo porém sempre nos deixando entrever sua juba, seu pé Régulus, seu corpo iluminado por estrelas simpáticas e finalmente, sua cauda vibrante, Denébola. O Caminho da Eclíptica passa por Regulus e então é muito comum que possamos observar esta estrela sendo conjugada com a Lua ou com algum Planeta!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A noite vai andando, maio vai seguindo seu rumo e o céu também vai andando, como num carrossel iluminado.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais ao norte do Leão, podemos ver o Leão Menor e umas poucas estrelinhas dos pés da Ursa Maior.... Mais ao sul, o chumaço de algodão, o leite derramado das estrelas da Via Láctea, continua invadindo o sul, sempre brilhante, enquanto que ao norte, vai desaparecendo sua luz tímida como um sonho desvanecedor... Noite adentrada, essa Via Láctea e luminosa nos traz o Escorpião, surgindo vagarosamente no leste mais ao sul, trazendo em sua cauda o revirão da Galáxia, o ponto de mutação, onde a cobra morde a cauda....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, ainda no céu do começo da noite do meses de maio e junho e acompanhando o vôo do Corvo bem de perto, a Virgem chega radiosa com sua alfa, a estrela Spica. O Caminho da Eclíptica passa por Spica e é bem comum podermos observar a Lua ou algum Planeta conjugando-se à esta estrela.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Um dedinho antes da constelação da Virgem, encontra-se o ponto de interseção das linhas da eclíptica e do equador, o equinócio. Virgem traz consigo a Balança, com suas duas estrelas perfazendo os dois pratos: Zubenelgenubi e Zubenelschamalli (que antigamente eram consideradas as Garras do animalzinho rastejante dos céus e, sem dúvida alguma, isso faz o maior sentido). O Caminho da Eclíptica passa pelas estrelas ponteadoras da Balança e, da mesma forma, passa bem próxima à Antares, a estrela alfa do Escorpião. Depois de passar próxima à Antares, o Caminho da Eclíptica adentra a 13<sup>a</sup>. constelação do Zodíaco, Ophiúco, aquele que segura a Serpente que pode ser delineada em sua cauda e também em sua cabeça (esta última terminando aos pés da Coroa Boreal, como se quisesse guardá-la.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando mais ao norte, podemos nos deliciar com a presença de Arcturus, no Boieiro. Em locais de céu escuro – assim como no Sítio das Estrelas -, podemos divisar as tímidas estrelinhas que formam as mechas da Cabeleira de Berenice, constelação quase apagada, entre o Leão e o Boieiro. Ver a olho nú as mechas dos cabelos da bela egípcia é um real privilégio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em junho, quando cai a noite, já temos a figura maravilhante do Escorpião toda desenhada entre o algodão doce da Via Láctea... Como já dissemos, o Escorpião é antecedido por suas duas garras, as estrelas alpha e beta da Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A cabeça deste animalzinho rastejante sobre a Via Láctea é realmente incrível, levando até seu coração batendo avermelhadamente, Antares, a rival de Ars, Marte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É realmente belo o desenho que as estrelas do Escorpião vão nos mostrando... várias estrelas duplas que disputam a acuracidade de nossa visão... (me lembro de meu primeiro namorado me dizendo que éramos tão próximos um do outro quanto aquelas duas estrelas que formam uma das curvas do Escorpião.... palavras ao vento.... não o vejo há mais de 45 anos...). A cauda do Escorpião é realmente assustadora com a presença fulminante de Schaula... finalizando com alguns objetos maravilhosos, M-7, M-8, M-6, chumaços de algodão, bom de olhar a olho nú, melhor ainda de binóculos e telescópio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesta região do céu entre o Escorpião e o Sagitário, naquela direção e além daquela poeira de estrelas, encontra-se o chamado Centro de nossa Galáxia, a Via Láctea. E como tudo no universo realiza um movimento de rotação em torno de si mesmo e em torno de algum outro objeto magnetizador, também nossa Via-Láctea realiza esse movimento.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos deixar de mencionar a imperdível visão da Coroa Austral sendo enlaçada pelo Sagitário! A Coroa Austral é de uma delicadeza ímpar, realmente. Se mantivermos quase a mesma direção do céu, estaremos encontrando, bem mais ao norte, a Coroa Boreal, tão bela quanto a outra Coroa e encontrando-se bem situada entre estrelas de primeiríssima grandeza como Arcturus, a alfa do Boieiro, e Vega, a alfa da Lira e próxima ao herói Hercules.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com o andar da noite e das estrelas, outras constelações vão se aprontando, por assim dizer, para entrarem no palco da vida...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não será tempo de irmos dormir?! Ah, eu diria para você passar uma noite em claro apenas para observar a girada da Via Láctea enquanto o céu vai caminhando todo de leste para oeste, carregando suas estrelas, planetas, constelações.... A visão do girar da Via Láctea é algo que nos deixa sem palavras....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se você tiver a oportunidade de estar num lugar onde o céu seja escuro e transparente, poderá observar a imensa pavimentação de algodão de estrelas - a Via-Láctea - aparentemente centralizando-se no Escorpião e cobrindo o céu estrelado em direção ao norte, passando por Sagitário, pela Águia até alcançar o Cisne..., e em direção ao sul encontrando-se com nosso Cruzeiro do Sul, com o Navio, com o Cão Maior seguido do Gigante Órion e aparentemente concluindo-se no Cocheiro.... Deste ponto bem ao sul e se você estiver em Latitude bem mais ao norte do Planeta, poderá ainda comungar com a pavimentação de algodão de estrelas fazendo parte do Mito de Andromeda, a donzela acorrentada, enredilhando Perseus, seu herói salvador, Cassiopéia, sua malvada madrasta, e seu pai, o Rei Cepheus - todas constelações bem ao norte - e, finalmente a Via Lactea realiza seu encontro com o Cisne.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Obviamente que aquilo que vemos e acompanhamos como o Revirão da Via Láctea durante a passagem noturna do Escorpião aliado ao Sagitário é um movimento aparente – pois que, na realidade, esse aparente movimento se dá em função do movimento de rotação da nossa Terra, nosso tão querido Planeta.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Revirão da Via Láctea é um espetáculo imperdível e inesquecível e que nos traz uma realidade da mecânica celeste que vai além à realidade que vemos do caminhar das constelações e suas estrelas, todas advindas do horizonte leste, galgando as alturas dos céus e concluindo seu passear no horizonte oeste - com as constelações e estrelas mais ao sul realizando seu caminhar em elipse do sudeste ao sudoeste e com as constelações e estrelas mais ao norte realizando seu caminhar de maneira mais espraiada, digamos assim. A realidade do Revirão da Via Láctea parece varrer os céus, como se essa varrição viesse do sul em direção ao norte ou vice-versa..., como se fosse uma hélice, algo assim, cobrindo todas as direções, ao longo da noite e ao longo do caminhar do Escorpião, fundamentalmente. A realidade do Revirão da Via Láctea, quando o percebemos realmente - em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes e que nos apresentem o chumaço de algodão do caminho desta Via iluminada em bom estilo! -, nos faz tremer não somente de emoção como também em nosso labirinto interior, é quase como se perdêssemos o chão, ficamos zonzos, tontos, quase caímos, quase perdemos o equilíbrio. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os braços da Via Láctea, centralizados no corpo do Escorpião, vão varrendo o céu vindo do sudeste, caminhando para o leste, passando pelo noroeste, pelo norte, pelo noroeste, pelo oeste... e ainda pelo sudoeste, pelo sul, novamente pelo sudeste, noite após noite. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Inverno, se você estiver desejoso de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO INVERNO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, o inverno traz tempo frio, chás, cafés, casacos, gorros, meias, cobertores.... e muita vontade de olhar as estrelas porque ainda o céu está seco (antes das queimadas se aventurarem a maltratar as matas, normalmente a partir do final de julho e cobrindo os meses de agosto e setembro... até que as benditas chuvas retornem, mais para o outubro).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Certamente, é ainda o Escorpião e o ponto que leva à centralidade da Via Láctea que nos chama a atenção.... Portanto, eu aconselharia você, Caminhante dos Céus, a retornar o ponto anterior onde eu tentei descrever o Revirão da Via Láctea.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, com o contínuo andamento do céu (a cada noite, tudo chega mais cedo 4 minutos), podemos agora ver bem o Sagitário, quando a noite cai. É sempre interessante observarmos o fato de que esta constelação também é denominada de Bule de Chá..., porque se parece mesmo com um! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No ponto entre o Escorpião e o Sagitário, em lugares de céu escuro como o Sítio das Estrelas e em noites secas e transparentes, podemos ver que a Via Láctea vai recebendo vários buracos imensos de puro negrume.... verdadeiras belezas de luz e vazio para serem fotografadas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Via de Chumaço de Algodão, a Via Láctea, encontra a Águia que voa sempre orientada por sua estrela alfa, Altair, e este pássaro acaba sendo avizinhado por constelações pequenas e muitíssimo simpáticas, Sagitta, a Flecha, e o Delfim, por exemplo, que também são enredilhadas pelo caminho leitoso. Ainda em direção mais ao norte, a Via Láctea parece, a meus olhos, encontrar o Cisne que traz sua cauda a estrela alfa, Deneb, e ali se esfumaçar mais e mais, rumo norte mais aprofundado e distanciado de meus olhos. A Via Láctea estará iluminando os caminhos de constelação bem ao norte, como Cepheus, Cassiopéia, Perseus (e passando próxima à Andromeda e ao Cavalo Pegasus) e novamente retornando aos nossos olhos do sul através o Cocheiro, com sua belíssima estrela-alfa Capella, e então retomando a conversa com os Gêmeos Castor e Pollux, acompanhando o Gigante Òrion conduzindo seus dois Cães e já nos enleando a visão com a bela Sirius acompanhada da tímida Procium... até que o clarão dos raios avermelhados do Sol começam a inundar o horizonte leste....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Via Láctea pode bem ser vista até Deneb, aqui no Sítio das Estrelas... Quando a noite cai, o revirão dessa Via parece ter chegado à sua conclusão.... porém ainda podemos acompanhá-lo varrendo a noite, quase com puxando as estrelas que chegam no leste e empurrando as estrelas do meio do céu para caírem no horizonte oeste.... Os braços da Via Láctea, centralizados no corpo do Escorpião, vão varrendo o céu vindo do sudeste, caminhando para o leste, passando pelo noroeste, pelo norte, pelo noroeste, pelo oeste... e ainda pelo sudoeste, pelo sul, novamente pelo sudeste, noite após noite. É um girar intenso, como se fosse um dançarino sufi, girando e girando e girando e nos trazendo o êxtase.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul aparece bem alto, o mais alto que consegue chegar, acompanhando a caída do Navio no horizonte oeste e trazendo maior brilho às presenças do Escorpião, do Sagitário.... e certamente, da Via Láctea que continua fazendo seu revirão noite a dentro. Não se esqueça, Caminhante, de bem observar os Sacos de Carvão e dos conjuntos brilhantes de estrelas juntinhas que vão se formando após o Cruzeiro e indo em direção ao Navio que navega bem mais distanciado, em mares longínquos, buscando por outras paragens e retornando apenas na madrugada anunciadora das estrelas e suas constelações que vão surgir no leste.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arcturus também continua encantando nossa visão.... e para aqueles que possuem um norte escuro e de horizonte baixo, a Ursa Maior se insinua querendo também trazer consigo o Dragão (desaparecido nesta latitude).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, os céus do norte estão felizes com a presença da Coroa Boreal, que parece um colar que todas as mulheres gostariam de usar! Porém, cautela! Esse valoroso colar é guardado por Hércules que ainda mal se articula em sua figura engraçada surgindo no horizonte leste mais ao norte... E também guardado pela cabeça da cobra que o Ofiúco segura.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando agosto entra trazendo suas queimadas e já uma certa poluição tirando a escuridão plena e a transparência cristalina dos céus da roça, com sorte, ainda podemos nos deliciar com as travessuras do desajeitado Hércules, agora mais alto no céu do norte, acompanhado, em lugares de horizonte bem baixo, pelo Dragão que guarda as estrelas que rodeiam o polo norte, longe de nossa visão.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Digo que o Hércules é todo desajeitado porque é assim que o vejo. Lembro-me bem da primeira vez que o delineei, eu até ri, mesmo!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cada vez mais o Cruzeiro do Sul cai em direção ao horizonte oeste mais ao sul ao mesmo tempo que também o Escorpião vai alcançando o meio do céu seguido do Sagitário, com seu Bule de Chá, que dá lugar ao Capricórnio que começa a querer se levantar no horizonte leste, ainda ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesse tempo do inverno já bem andado, eu adoro ver minha estrela preferida, Vega, tocando sua Lyra e surgindo atrás dos morros do leste mais ao norte.... Sempre que eu me vejo diante da Lyra segurada por Vega,sua alfa, eu me flagro suspirando, inteiramente enleada, como se pudesse escutar o doce som das cordas desta constelação! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bem da verdade, o céu do inverno nos presenteia com um triângulo de estrelas muito interessantes: Altair, alfa da Águia, Vega, alfa da Lyra, e Deneb, alfa do Cisne. São estrelas belíssimas que fazem parte de belíssimas constelações! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cisne é de uma perfeição incrível em seu vôo, parece estar sempre alçando vôo, abrindo suas asas imensas, buscando as alturas, sempre.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Águia sempre surge apresentando três estrelas - uma delas, Altair, sua alfa - que caminham sempre juntas e que podem ser vistas após a conclusão de todo o corpo do Capricórnio, com seu aspecto de fraldinha tecida por estrelas suaves que delineiam a figura desta constelação.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É bom também observarmos, ainda entre o Sagitário e seu Bule de Chá e o Capricórnio, um pequeno grupo de estrelas que sugere uma pequena cruz, um tímido diamante, algo assim, verdadeira maravilha para ser visto em lugares de céus bem escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu aconselharia o Caminhante dos Céus aguardar a chegada do Capricórnio e da Águia para então olhar mais ao norte e se encantar com a Lira... e um tantinho mais tarde ainda, suspirar com o Cisne voando amplamente nos céus estrelados. E, olhando mais ao sul, observarmos o vôo do Grou balizado por sua estrela-alfa, Al Nair.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A partir de então, podemos olhar para os lados do sul e observarmos a chegada do Peixe Austral com sua estrela-alfa, Fomalhaut. Estamos bem já sendo colhidos pelas ondas marolantes e em verdadeiro zigue-zague formadas pelo Aguadeiro, Aquário! A meu ver, esta constelação é um dos eventos mais interessantes a ser observado nos céus estrelados e isso somente pode acontecer em lugares de céus realmente escuros e transparentes!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem ao sul, podemos observar pássaros voando, Fênix e Tucano. No entanto, a estrela que realmente nos chama a atenção é Achernar, a alfa do Rio Erídano, sua Foz, e este Rio vai correndo sinuosamente e através suas tímidas estrelas até encontrar os pés do Gigante Órion, em Rigel, sua estrela-beta, já em terra firme. É interessante repararmos o fato de que o Rio Erídano caminha em direção ao leste e neste momento de inverno, podemos acompanhar seu desaguar junto ao Gigante caçador do Escorpião porque a constelação de Órion ainda pode ser vista em todo seu esplendor de estrelas ao final da noite, quando o galo desentrelaça suas asas e começa a cantar anunciando um novo dia que não tarda a chegar! (Aqui no Sítio das Estrelas meu simpático galo nos acorda com seu canto por volta das quatro horas da matina!).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nos céus do norte, é interessante observarmos que as estrelinhas marolantes do Aguadeiro parecem querer se entrelaçar com as estrelas também tímidas dos Peixes. Nesse momento estamos diante de um mito realmente encantador que apresenta no céu estrelado do norte todos os componentes de sua estória, começando pelo Cavalo Pegasus em seu grande quadrado sendo seguido por Andromeda, a donzela acorrentada numa ilha por sua madrasta Cassiopéia esposa de Cepheus. Andromeda será salva pelo herói Perseus. A Via Láctea ilumina com seu leite as constelações do pai, da madrasta e do herói salvador, todas bem ao norte e não muito facilmente identificáveis aqui, no Sítio das Estrelas (porque para estes lados fica a cidadezinha de Mar de Hespanha e sua iluminação pouco generosa com o céu estrelado).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... ‘Stamos em pleno mar... - como diria o poeta português, Camões. Ao sul dos Peixes nos deparamos com a imensidade da constelação de Cetus, a Baleia que quer devorar a bela donzela acorrentada, Andromeda. Este é um mar interessante pois que também apresenta a Foz do Rio Erídano e todo seu correr sinuoso, desde o sul até o sudeste, para encontrar os pés do Gigante Órion, já em terra firme. No entanto, este mar interessante nos apresenta, bem ao fundo (do ponto de vista de quem está bem ao norte, certamente) a estrela maravihosa e alfa do Navio, seu capitão Canopus! Sempre que virmos Canopus podemos ter a certeza de que Sirius chegará logo depois! E Sirius faz parte da comitiva do Gigante Órion, com seus Cães Maior e Menor, todos já em terra firme.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos deixar de divisar os dois círculos formados pelas cabeças dos dois Peixes. Um destes circulo encontra-se logo ao norte do grande quadrado do Cavalo Pegasus e é bem ali que podemos encontrar o chamado Ponto Vernal, o lugar onde a Eclíptica encontra-se com o Equador Celeste.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando para o sul, poderemos ver a Pequena Nuvem seguida pela Grande Nuvem de Magalhães. Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu, as chamava de as Mulas do Presépio de Jesus! Fernão de Magalhães que nos perdoe!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os mares terminam deixando entrar em cena as duas estrelas ponteadoras de Áries, o Carneiro, e depois, surge o campo onde o Touro pasta, sempre antecedido pelas estrelas que choram, as Pleiades, um tercinho de estrelas, verdadeira maravilha sempre a ser visitada por nossos olhos...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Já estamos na madrugada sonolenta quando entra em cena o Gigante Órion acompanhado do Cão Maior e este embelezando os céus com a presença de Sirius, a bela das belas. A Via Láctea já retorna à nossa visão, o Navio vai se mostrando por inteiro, os Gêmeos já se mostram conversantes, como sempre... </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu da Primavera, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DA PRIMAVERA</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul já se despede de nossas noites quando chega outubro. E num movimento de seguimento, o Escorpião também desliza em seu caminho rumo ao sudoeste, carregando consigo o Sagitário, a Coroa Boreal, Hércules...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A côrte do céu, no entanto, está formada pelo triângulo do norte, a maravilhosa Vega tocando sua Lyra, a esplendorosa Altair voando a Águia e a não menos formosa, Deneb, a cauda do belo Cisne.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ainda rodeando Altair, encontramos algumas pequeninas constelações que são verdadeiras preciosidades: Sagitta, a Flecha, o Delfim, Equuleus - constelações compostas por tímidas estrelas que podem ser vistas apenas em locais de céus escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É bom tempo para estudarmos as estrelas que formam o grande triângulo do Capricórnio e também nos prepararmos para mergulhar dentre as estrelinhas marolantes do Aquário.... já entrevendo a chegada do cavalo alado Pégasus, no horizonte leste mais ao norte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Também já surge no leste, mais ao sul, o pássaro Grou, uma verdadeira beleza voadora nos céus balizado por sua estrela alfa Al Nair, ao mesmo tempo, que já no mar ao sul do Aquário, podemos ver o Peixe Austral com sua bela estrela Fomalhaut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se o tempo ajudar e se a seca comprometida pelas queimadas não estiver maculando nosso céu, por que não continuarmos a estudar os Peixes? Por que não nos embevecermos com a visão das Nuvens de Magalhães?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com novembro chegam as chuvas... tão ansiadas chuvas - aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais! Benditas águas que caem dos céus, despencadas, quem sabe, pelas águas do Aquário, do Peixe Austral, e também com o aparecimento dos Peixes que nadam juntos com a Baleia Cetus.... Entre o Aquário e os Peixes, existe o ponto da interseção da eclíptica com o equador celeste, o ponto vernal trazendo o equinócio. Este ponto também apresenta-se bem próximo ao grande quadrado de estrelas que formam o Pegasus, o cavalo alado que carrega Perseus em sua intenção de salvar Andromeda, a bela - e é interessante observarmos que também esta Galáxia nossa irmã encontra-se nos arredores do ponto vernal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O cavalo alado Pégasus já salva a heroína acorrentada, Andrômeda, um tanto que antecedidos, em norte bem baixo, por Cepheus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul bem como o Escorpião se despedem do palco dos céus do anoitecer... Porém, Achernar, a foz do Rio Eridanus novamente surge, brilhante e maviosa, no leste do sul bem sul mesmo!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em dezembro, se as chuvas nos derem alguma trégua, podemos nos deixar maravilhar com a linha sinuosa do caminho que o Rio Eridanus segue... mesmo que ainda não possamos ver o gigante caçador Órion, ao anoitecer, apenas um tanto mais tarde em noite de já quase verão quente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao norte, em horizonte bem baixo, Cassiopéia nos deixa ver algumas de suas estrelinhas. Andrômeda e o cavalo alado Pégasus surgem imponentes no meio do céu. Por que não procurarmos por Andromeda, a Galáxia? Mesmo com um simples par de binóculos, esta visão se faz encantadora: é uma emoção imensa, realmente, observarmos nossa querida irmã... porque mais dia menos dia possivelmente nos uniremos a ela de maneira a nos tornamos irmãs siamesas... No horizonte leste, mais ao norte, entra Áries, o Carneiro, ao lado do Triângulo.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A noite vai seguindo seu curso e novamente podemos nos deixar encantar pela via leitosa, a Via Láctea, fazendo parte dos céus do norte, vindo de Perseus e ladeando as Pleiades (que bom, assim essa preciosidade da constelação do Touro não fica comprometida pelo chumaço de algodão) bem como a cabeça do Touro sempre nos mostrando seu Olho Iluminado, Aldebarã. A Via Láctea abençoa o Cocheiro e sua bela estrela-alfa, Capella, e então segue rumando mais ao sul, encostando no Gigante Órion, sempre garboso e pronto para caçar o Escorpião (que mora do outro lado do céu exatamente para não ser caçado!) e enchendo de luz esfumaçada, esbranquiçada, o Cão Maior que nos brinda com a majestosa presença da mais bela da noite, Sirius, a mais brilhante dos céus e também tão próxima a nós (somente 8 anos-luz de distância).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O mito da donzela acorrentada, Andromeda, começa a desaparecer de nossas vistas, com o horizonte oeste engolindo Cepheu, o Cavalo Alado Pegasus, Andromeda, a Baleia Cetus, Cassiopéia... e, com a entrada em cena de Áries e do Touro, também Perseus começa a se despedir de nós. Aquário e Peixes também saem do palco estelar. O belo Triangulo formado pelos três pássaros, Águia, Cisne e Vultur (outra denominação para a Lira), também podem ser vistos apenas no começo das noites de dezembro, caindo no horizonte oeste logo depois.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao longo da noite, Achernar começa a carregar o sinuoso Rio Erídano consigo, caindo no horizonte oeste, enquanto Canopus vai capitaneando o Navio que vai surgindo cada vez mais belo, mais imponente, silenciosamente singrando as águas celestes. Também o Navio acaba sendo encontrado pela Via Láctea que busca encantar nossa visão acendendo o Cruzeiro do Sul, o Centauro, todos ao sul...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Caminho da Eclíptica já nos deixou ver os Gêmeos conversadores, o Presépio no Caranguejo sendo guardado pela cabeça da Hydra e emocionado por seu coração laranja, Alfard, e esta cobra da água já se mostrou rastejando através a Taça e o Corvo, saudando o Leão, a Virgem, e encontrando a Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Verão, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO VERÃO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em janeiro, se as chuvas nos derem uma trégua – pelo menos durante o anoitecer... aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais – podemos nos deitar no deck em frente ao grande lago do Sítio das Estrelas e nos deixar levar pelas estrelas e suas histórias celestes....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Todo o mito de Andrômeda salva por Perseus cavalgando seu cavalo alado Pégasus está no céu, na ilha do céu, onde a donzela foi acorrentada por sua madrasta Cassiopéia que não pode ser vista adequadamente nesta latitude... Nesse mar, estão o Aguadeiro (Aquário), o Peixe Austral, os Peixes juntamente com Cetus, a Baleia... ao mesmo tempo que voam nos céus celestes os pássaros Grou e Fênix, mais ao norte. Com a entrada do Carneiro, Áries, parece que pisamos em terra e no entanto, já nos deparamos com um rio, o Eridanus, que agora, em janeiro, já nos leva a ver o gigante caçador Órion, em cujas pernas suas águas começam, em terra firme...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre que vemos o Órion surgindo ao anoitecer, também estaremos revendo as Plêiades, irmãs chorosas, o Touro com seu belo olho avermelhado, Aldebarã, as Hyades.... ao norte, novamente Capela nos chama a atenção, como se fosse um farol!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sem dúvida alguma, essa parte dos céus estrelados nos deixa absolutamente enleados, quase que sem respiração... porque a Via Láctea nos abençoa com sua presença esfumaçada e escondendo vários pontos interessantes a serem observados através nossos binóculos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sírius, a rainha da noite, também nos encanta a visão nesse já quase final de verão, fevereiro de nossos carnavais... Procyon segue Sírius, como sempre, e ambas estrelas seguem o caçador gigante Órion... Canopus volta a capitanear seu imenso Navio (desmembrado em Popa, Vela e Carina - não sei por qual razão....) E eis que ao leste, bem ao sul, bem ao sul... retorna o Cruzeiro aos nossos céus da noite!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais ao norte, podemos ver os dois Gêmeos conversando animadamente a caminho do meio do céu. Câncer continua protegendo em seu ventre seu ninho de estrelinhas-crianças, o Presépio. A Hydra também re-aparece em sua cabeça triangular, mostrando depois seu coração, Alphard.... e com o andar da noite e dos meses, todo o seu corpo serpenteando várias constelações...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Leão surge garboso como sempre com suas estrelas Regulus e Denebola - a primeira na pata e a segunda, na cauda -, dando lugar à Virgem que surge antecipada pelo vôo do Corvo. Sempre a Virgem nos faz voltar nossa visão para a encantadora Spica, sua estrela-alfa. E sempre também a Virgem nos faz voltar nosso desejo de observarmos a luz amarelada e intensíssima advinda de Arcturus, a estrela-alfa do Boeiro. Não podemos nos esquecer que entre o Leão e o Boieiro existe a Cabeleira de Berenice, um presente dos céus escuros e transparentes, realmente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se olharmos para os céus do norte, poderemos divisar o Leão Menor, os Cães de Caça, e com muita sorte, as patas da Ursa Maior. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se olharmos para os céus do sul, estaremos suspirando mais e mais com a visão encantadora, cativante, maravilhante, da Via Láctea realizando seu caminho através o Navio, a Cruz, o Centauro e preenchendo todos os espaços que unem estas duas últimas constelações ao Escorpião que entra em cena trazendo nossos olhares mais e mais ao sul, sendo antecedido por suas duas Garras, ou seja, a constelação da Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre que o Cruzeiro do Sul aponta para seu momento máximo de zênite possível para uma constelação muitíssimo ao sul e muito próxima ao pólo sul..., entra em cena a majestosa constelação do Escorpião!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Entrando no palco celeste o Escorpião, é tempo de nos deixarmos maravilhar com a Via Láctea encontrando seu ponto máximo de concentração, digamos assim, pois aos pés desse rastejante animal celeste encontra-se o ponto para onde podemos dirigir nossos pensamentos para encontrarem o centro de nossa Galáxia!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Para enfeitarmos e saudarmos esse evento, sempre podemos nos brindar com a doce visão da Coroa Austral, já bem próxima a Sagitário, e da Coroa Boreal, entre o Boieiro e Hercules e guardado pela cabeça da serpente que o Ofiuco segura.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se o Caminhante estiver num lugar de norte bem baixo, realmente, poderá tentar observar algumas estrelas que compõem o Dragão que guarda o norte dos céus estrelados, o pólo norte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o galo estiver cantando, ainda antes do Sol surgir no horizonte leste anunciado por clarões avermelhados..., com sorte poderemos novamente nos fazer felizes como a entrada em cena do Capricórnio apontando para o norte que acolhe a estrela Vega, a alfa da doce e bela e sutil Lyra, e nos trazendo a esperança da chegada próxima da Águia, também acolhida pela Via Láctea, e sempre nos mostrando suas três estrelas que voam juntas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Outono, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Março marca o final do verão e o início do outono...</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o outono chega, aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, as chuvas do verão vão escasseando de tal forma até se tornarem apenas uma lembrança... As noites voltam a mostrar suas estrelas em céu sem nuvens e o ar bem mais seco permite que suas luzes fiquem bem mais brilhantes e piscantes contra o pano de fundo da escuridão da abóbada celeste. Por que não aproveitarmos esses tempos de início seca do outono para observarmos o céu noturno, em belo passeio?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao começar nosso <i>tour</i> celeste, nestes dias de final de março.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (você pode retornar ao começo de nosso texto.... porém, já certamente sabedor de alguns dos tesouros dos céus estrelados!)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sítio das Estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Parada de um caminho a Caminho do Céu</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-20388921892029832862015-04-06T06:27:00.001-07:002015-04-06T06:27:18.802-07:00Meu Amor pelas Estrelas<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s1600/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s640/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" height="480" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="text-align: start;">Fonte da Imagem: http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a><span style="text-align: start;">.</span><span style="text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 48px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Da Terra ao Céu .......................<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;">.........................................................................................</span><span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 48px;"><b style="background-color: white;">................................ e ao Infinito ...................<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"> SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Reunião das Informações,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">suas traduções para a língua portuguesa (quando necessário),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"> Compilação bem como Comentários Pessoais:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<i><span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Janine Milward</span></span></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;">MEU AMOR PELAS ESTRELAS...</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;<br />I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (traduzindo livremente) :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apesar de minha alma permanecer na escuridão, ela ascenderá plenamente iluminada,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu amor pelas estrelas tem sido grande demais para que eu tema a (escuridão da) noite</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.......ou .. para que eu tema a morte)."</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este poema é o grande companheiro das noites solitárias dos amantes das estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Momento de Reverência à Astronomia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Transcrevo o belíssimo poema de SARAH WILLIAMS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> que tão bem descreve o amor à Astronomia, o respeito à passagem do conhecimento do mestre para o discípulo, a tristeza do não-reconhecimento dos pares contemporâneos a respeito do trabalho realizado, a emoção de se unir ao mestre reverenciado e às estrelas quando chega o momento da morte... Morte que nunca é temida por todos aqueles que amaram a escuridão da noite e as luzes das estrelas...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Old Astronomer to His Pupil</b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><i>Sarah Williams</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reach me down my Tycho Brahe, I would know him when we meet,<br />When I share my later science, sitting humbly at his feet;<br />He may know the law of all things, yet be ignorant of how<br />We are working to completion, working on from then to now.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pray remember that I leave you all my theory complete,<br />Lacking only certain data for your adding, as is meet,<br />And remember men will scorn it, 'tis original and true,<br />And the obliquy of newness may fall bitterly on you.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But, my pupil, as my pupil you have learned the worth of scorn,<br />You have laughed with me at pity, we have enjoyed to be forlorn,<br />What for us are all distractions of men's fellowship and smiles;<br />What for us the Goddess Pleasure with her meretricious smiles.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You may tell that German College that their honor comes too late,<br />But they must not waste repentance on the grizzly savant's fate.<br />Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;<br />I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...............</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Reach me down my Tycho Brahe, I would know him when we meet"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A poeta Sarah Williams nestes versos bem descreveu o sentimento do velho astrônomo em seu leito de morte, deixando seu conhecimento como herança para seu discípulo...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ele pede ao seu discípulo para lhe trazer o retrato pintado de Tycho Brahe, o grande mestre astrônomo anterior a Kepler, a Galileu....para reconhecê-lo quando se encontrarem... E o velho astrônomo tem certeza de que – apesar de Tycho Brahe saber a lei sobre todas as coisas, ainda assim não sabe o que o velho astrônomo já acumulou de conhecimentos, dando continuidade ao trabalho da astronomia desde aquele tempo mais antigo até aquele momento...trabalho esse que, humildemente, o velho astrônomo anseia por compartilhar com o antigo mestre..... Essa é a primeira estrofe.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A segunda estrofe começa com o velho astrônomo deixando como herança ao seu discípulo sua teoria já completa, ao mesmo tempo que fazendo seu herdeiro saber que a esta teoria ele deverá acrescentar mais e mais informações. E o avisa: os homens zombarão dele – apesar de sua teoria se provar original e verdadeira. E sentencia: a ignorância em relação ao novo conhecimento cairá como fel sobre o discípulo.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Na terceira estrofe e nos dois primeiros versos da quarta estrofe, o velho astrônomo devaneia sobre as zombarias e o não-reconhecimento que o discípulo teve oportunidade de vivenciar junto ao seu mestre e sobre o bom-humor e temperança com que ambos tiveram que enfrentar tais vicissitudes...... Também assinala que qualquer honraria agora chegaria tarde demais...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os dois últimos versos da última estrofe são de uma beleza ímpar:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Assim, o velho astrônomo termina sua vida dizendo (traduzindo livremente) :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Apesar de minha alma permanecer na escuridão, ela ascenderá plenamente iluminada,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu amor pelas estrelas tem sido grande demais para que eu tema a (escuridão da) noite</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.......ou .. para que eu tema a morte)."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esse último verso tem sido o grande companheiro </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de todos aqueles que amam verdadeiramente as estrelas, sejam astrônomos ou não....</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Janine Milward</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">..............................................</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FONTES:</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Old Astronomer to his Pupil</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Poema de Sarah Williams</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Best Loved Poems of the American People"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hazel Felleman, ed. Garden City Publishing Co.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Garden City, NY. 1936, pp. 613-614</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><a href="http://www.3ap.org/sarahWilliams.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.3ap.org/sarahWilliams.shtml</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">ATLAS DO UNIVERSO</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">This website belongs to <a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">WIKIPEDIA</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercluster" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/</a></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</a></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-25992430786173994452015-04-06T06:24:00.001-07:002015-04-06T06:24:29.192-07:00Referências Bibliográfias Virtuais e Impressas<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Projeto</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">e ao Infinito</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações,</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">suas traduções para a língua portuguesa (quando necessário),</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">Compilação e Comentários Pessoais:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><i><span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Algumas </span></span></b></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS E VIRTUAIS</span></span></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alguns dados</span></b></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>são época/equinócio 1980</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>alguma pequena retificação.</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Obrigada por sua compreensão.</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BIBLIOGRAFIA VIRTUAL:</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Informações atualizadas e preciosas</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE</span></b></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Search for Objects by Object Name</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;"><b>http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><b>http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em><b><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b></span><em><b><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></b></em></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="An Atlas of The Universe" src="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/atlas.gif" height="64" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="320" /></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span></span></td></tr>
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<b><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ATLAS DO UNIVERSO</span></span></b></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This website belongs to <a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a>. You may copy this website in its entirety for personal use. Schools and colleges can copy this website for their own internal use. It is always acceptable to use this website for classroom projects.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All of the text on this website is my intellectual property. You are free to copy, and distribute the text, for <em>non-commercial</em> purposes only, and you must cite this website if you use any of the text in a derivative work. Commercial use of the text must be restricted to small quotations and should cite this website.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Maps and Diagrams</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All of the maps and diagrams on this website belong to me, and are free for anyone to use under the following conditions. They are licenced under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/" rel="license" style="text-decoration: none;">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Licence</a>. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars. Data sources: Bright Star Catalog from the <a href="http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">Astronomical Data Center</a>, star names list from <a href="http://www.naic.edu/~gibson/starnames/" style="text-decoration: none;">Steven Gibson</a>, all-sky Milky Way image by <a href="http://home.arcor-online.de/axel.mellinger/" style="text-decoration: none;">Axel Mellinger</a>. The data used in this product, in whole or in part, is used with permission of <a href="http://www.ngcicproject.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">The NGC/IC Project LLC</a>. Many thanks go to those who maintain and make available their astronomy datasets without which this sky atlas would not have been possible. Permission for any use of these chart images is granted, provided that the original website address remains visible on all images. Enjoy!</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_%28JPEG%29.jpg</span></a></td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="toccolours vcard layouttemplate" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: #bf9000; direction: ltr; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: justify; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
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</th><td style="border: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td style="border: none; text-align: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth's Location in the Universe (JPEG).jpg"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Full resolution</span></a></td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; direction: ltr; margin-top: -8px; padding: 0px 5px 5px; text-align: justify; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_desc" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description</span></td><td class="description"><div class="description en" lang="en" style="direction: ltr;">
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Versions:</span></b></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A smaller stacked version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg">here</a> for users with slower browsers.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A vertical version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_VERTICAL_(JPEG).jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Earth's Location in the Universe VERTICAL (JPEG).jpg">here</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An alternative/older version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg">here</a>.</span></li>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_date" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Date</span></td><td><time class="dtstart" datetime="2012-04-04" style="display: inline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 April 2012</span></time></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source</span></td><td><span class="int-own-work"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Own work</span></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_ver" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other versions</span></td><td><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Derivative works of this file:</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Position_der_Erde_im_Universum_4x2.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Position der Erde im Universum 4x2.png"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Position der Erde im Universum 4x2.png</span></a></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Home_in_Relation_to_Everything.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Home in Relation to Everything.png"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Home in Relation to Everything.png</span></a></li>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/hevelius.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hevelius</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/semleri.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semleri</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/flamsteed.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Flamsteed</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/bode.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bode</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/reissig.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Reissig</a> <a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/bodesaksakeeles.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bode saksa keeles</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/braun.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Braun</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/heis.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Heis</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/goldbach.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Goldbach</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bayer, Johannes</span> 1572-1625</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Johann Hevelius (1611-1687)</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tartu Observatooriumi Virtuaalne Muuseum</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Main/HTML/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Main/HTML/index.html</span></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Authors & editors: </b><a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Robert Nemiroff</a> (<a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">MTU</a>) & <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Jerry Bonnell</a> (<a href="http://www.astro.umd.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">UMCP</a>)</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NASA Official: </b>Phillip Newman <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply" style="text-decoration: none;">Specific rights apply</a>.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Deep Photographic Guide to the </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Constellations</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/const.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/const.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.allthesky.com/copyright.html" style="font-style: italic; text-align: -webkit-center; text-decoration: none;">© all photographs</a><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: -webkit-center;"> taken by </span><a href="mailto:credner@allthesky.de,kohle@allthesky.de" style="font-style: italic; text-align: -webkit-center;">Till Credner and Sven Kohle</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PROGRAMA STELLARIUM 0.11.1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">www.stellarium.org</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre em Ilustrações para a Latitude 21s52 e Longitude 43w00.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Estas Ilustrações são sempre trabalhadas através o Programa Corel Photo-Paint X3</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AS CARTAS CELESTES REALIZADAS POR MARIO JACI E QUE CONSTAM DESSE TRABALHO - Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito - foram escaneadas por mim, Janine, e trabalhadas no programa Corel Photo-Paint X3. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQsgWDk2pOBsajHjaXMJGcpa7FzOOXfLdQIdPAGl-st8vrVbRQs9v7cNJ5KnQzsJ7sbW7ysjQvlQwnLbuq7-YjNbiepE1fuWirM534i7pZG6GBVvvX_BJDVbDTJwehutB8yWTeAOf8z3S/s1600/logo+urania's+mirror.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQsgWDk2pOBsajHjaXMJGcpa7FzOOXfLdQIdPAGl-st8vrVbRQs9v7cNJ5KnQzsJ7sbW7ysjQvlQwnLbuq7-YjNbiepE1fuWirM534i7pZG6GBVvvX_BJDVbDTJwehutB8yWTeAOf8z3S/s200/logo+urania's+mirror.jpg" height="200" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="139" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text10" style="font-style: italic; line-height: 20px;">Urania’s Mirror</span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;"> is a boxed set of 32 constellation cards first published by Samuel Leigh of the Strand, London, in or shortly before 1825. The engraver was Sidney Hall but authorship was coyly attributed to “a lady”. Peter Hingley, librarian of the Royal Astronomical Society in London, has established that the true author was almost certainly the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam of Rugby</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania.htm</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text11" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;">Copyright notice: </span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">The scans on this page, and the larger versions to which they link, are </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">© Ian Ridpath</span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> You may use them for non-commercial and educational purposes provided appropriate credit is given</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 20.796875px; text-align: start;">Created by an anonymous young lady of London in the early 1800s to make the study of astronomy "familiar and amusing," the original constellation cards included in </span><i style="border: 0px none; line-height: 20.796875px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">THE NIGHT SKY: A View of the Heavens,</i><span style="line-height: 20.796875px; text-align: start;"> feature the constellations visible in the Northern Hemisphere. The sumptuous illustrations capture the inspiration of Classical mythology. The stars on the cards are perforated according to their relative magnitude, and when the cards are held up to the light, the natural appearance of the constellations is visible, making it easy for the viewer to pinpoint the constellations in the night sky.</span></span></div>
<h1 class="milo" id="yui_3_8_1_1_1378757982314_1018" itemprop="name" style="border: 0px none; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky: A View of the Heavens Kit</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-night-sky-barnes-noble-books/1006330921?ean=9780760761687&itm=1&usri=9780760761687" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-night-sky-barnes-noble-books/1006330921?ean=9780760761687&itm=1&usri=9780760761687</a></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">TERRA AGORA E LUA HOJE</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/flash/moonsong" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="moon phase" src="http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/image/moon/64/moon4.png" height="64" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" title="Just like outside, the moon looks like this tonight." width="64" /></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BIBLIOGRAFIA IMPRESSA:</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMOsQAJq8tt04z_5GPqRde2KZrySsDbb1OROrULEfPgg-nPofzQhfGMQRHl3o3i1_T3DmRWgmPRM4mGo6UkPeYHxdhdFXgb1Jai7MsNJK5pL6x8AhVfRLylGuuMK-pMOVkzUZe8wncnpg9/s1600/logo+will+tirion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMOsQAJq8tt04z_5GPqRde2KZrySsDbb1OROrULEfPgg-nPofzQhfGMQRHl3o3i1_T3DmRWgmPRM4mGo6UkPeYHxdhdFXgb1Jai7MsNJK5pL6x8AhVfRLylGuuMK-pMOVkzUZe8wncnpg9/s200/logo+will+tirion.jpg" height="200" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="140" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibEbpfzgRwbpUFoVl6jGUMFPVHm3gKd53xm-W5zMQFVk78NlIuYFKqs6XW0BY4o5vYpzdfMaeA-ropYi7SOMQks7XDJfgQANiDS_molJ-R3LMGP5hKmVPcz6Gg-s5Hx5BMkS85YTzdG8AX/s1600/logo+antonin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibEbpfzgRwbpUFoVl6jGUMFPVHm3gKd53xm-W5zMQFVk78NlIuYFKqs6XW0BY4o5vYpzdfMaeA-ropYi7SOMQks7XDJfgQANiDS_molJ-R3LMGP5hKmVPcz6Gg-s5Hx5BMkS85YTzdG8AX/s200/logo+antonin.jpg" height="200" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="145" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0486210790/ref=rdr_ext_tmb" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.amazon.com/dp/0486210790/ref=rdr_ext_tmb</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyvLl5C39BS569HcJUFHPchtLnmIIteGkcVnu8_nOAWTsGF0-5NhcRJ_gZVDbfp7jhum0tkFYPHVeKNS5rNWt_S3E12jBJUbB6Bn335tlweHxQxR2XPYHFY2kksAAznpPX96Cginy_pU6/s1600/logo+allen+allen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyvLl5C39BS569HcJUFHPchtLnmIIteGkcVnu8_nOAWTsGF0-5NhcRJ_gZVDbfp7jhum0tkFYPHVeKNS5rNWt_S3E12jBJUbB6Bn335tlweHxQxR2XPYHFY2kksAAznpPX96Cginy_pU6/s200/logo+allen+allen.jpg" height="200" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="126" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcjVWmr1zoUj0JTZXO6l9Mlnu8nYtPE4kOagPKgxZh9hSv8GPo3cfxno-CjkgOYnajL39REbxfEC8fTPeiOnBYpQNqcjXdg4w2ILp-siWPtf4uoQsIXb_QBmfhYJK1c-H-4p5rk1Mo-bP/s1600/logo+fernando+vieira.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVcjVWmr1zoUj0JTZXO6l9Mlnu8nYtPE4kOagPKgxZh9hSv8GPo3cfxno-CjkgOYnajL39REbxfEC8fTPeiOnBYpQNqcjXdg4w2ILp-siWPtf4uoQsIXb_QBmfhYJK1c-H-4p5rk1Mo-bP/s1600/logo+fernando+vieira.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu, em 30/07/1999))</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AS CARTAS CELESTES REALIZADAS POR MARIO JACI E QUE CONSTAM DESSE TRABALHO - Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito - foram escaneadas por mim, Janine, e trabalhadas no programa Corel Photo-Paint X3. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-91818744472977424942015-04-06T06:23:00.002-07:002015-04-21T13:22:21.478-07:00Meu Projeto DA TERRA AO CÉU E AO INFINITO<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">AO INFINITO.................</span></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito</span></b> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">é um Projeto meu que se propõe trazer ao conhecimento do Caminhante do Céu, do Amigo das Estrelas, as 88 Constelações acolhendo seus dados, seus mitos, suas histórias, suas estrelas, suas nebulosas, seus aglomerados globulares e abertos, seus aglomerados de galáxias, seus superaglomerados...., suas muralhas de luz e de sombra...., enfim, tudo aquilo que astronomicamente pode caber em nossos alfarrábios - ou pelo menos, tudo aquilo que eu, Janine, simples amante dos céus estrelados, conseguir amealhar a partir de minha compreensão ainda e sempre simplesmente amadora e respeitosamente braheana.</span><br />
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<b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html" style="text-decoration: none;"> </a><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s400/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" height="300" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fonte da Imagem: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html<span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #274e13; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a><span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: large;">DA TERRA AO CÉU E AO INFINITO</span></strong></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white;">http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES </span></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)</span></span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS, </span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS IMAGENS </span></span></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - AS CONSTELAÇÕES -</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entre o céu e a terra...,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> bem como percebendo que o caos, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vagarosamente, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vai se tornando Cosmos</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Constelações </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> já sendo apresentadas em suas Páginas próprias</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ANDROMEDA, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A PRINCESA </span></b><b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ACORRENTADA</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></b><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ANTLIA, A MÁQUINA PNEUMÁTICA</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://sobreantlia.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreantlia.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">APUS, A AVE-DO-PARAÍSO</span><span style="color: #984806;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://sobreapus.blogspot.com.br/"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://sobreapus.blogspot.com.br/</span></b></a></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">AQUARIUS, O AGUADEIRO</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<a href="http://sobreaquarius.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreaquarius.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">AQUILA, A ÁGUIA </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"> </span></span></b><a href="http://sobreaquila.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreaquila.blogspot.com.br/</b></a><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ARA, O ALTAR</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><a href="http://sobreara.blogspot.com.br/">http://sobreara.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ARGO NAVIS, O NAVIO</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/"><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br</span></b></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esta constelação, o Navio, fazia parte do grupo de 48 constelações relacionado por Ptolomeu.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Porém, <b>La Caille dividiu o Navio em Carina, Vela e Puppis: Quilha, Vela e Popa</b></span></div>
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<b>ARGO NAVIS, O NAVIO</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b><span style="color: #660000;">CARINA, A QUILHA</span></b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/carina-quilha-do-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/carina-quilha-do-navio-argus.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b><span style="color: #660000;">PUPPIS, A PÓPA</span></b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/puppis-popa-ou-proa-de-argo-navis-o.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/puppis-popa-ou-proa-de-argo-navis-o.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b><span style="color: #660000;">VELA, A VELA</span></b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/vela-em-argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/vela-em-argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>CANCER, O CARANGUEJO</b> </span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://sobrecaranguejo.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobrecaranguejo.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>CORONA AUSTRALIS E CORONA BOREALIS</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrecoronaaustraliseborealis.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobrecoronaaustraliseborealis.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">CORVUS, O CORVO</span></b><span style="color: #0b5394;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="http://sobrecorvus.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #0b5394;">http://sobrecorvus.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CRUX, O CRUZEIRO DO SUL</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrecrux.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobrecrux.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CYGNUS, O CISNE</span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://sobrecygnus.blogspot.com.br/</span></div>
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<span style="color: #632423; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ERIDANUS, O RIO ERIDANO DOS CÉUS ESTRELADOS</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://sobreeridanus.blogspot.com.br/"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://sobreeridanus.blogspot.com.br/</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="color: #660000;">LYRA, A LIRA</span> </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><a href="http://sobrelyra.blogspot.com/">http://sobrelyra.blogspot.com/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">OPHIUCUS, O SERPENTÁRIO,</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b>E</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="color: #660000;">SERPENS CAPUT E SERPENS CAUDA, A SERPENTE </span> </span></b><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><a href="http://sobreophiucuseserpens.blogspot.com.br/">http://sobreophiucuseserpens.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ORION, O GIGANTE CAÇADOR</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobreorion.blogspot.com.br/">http://sobreorion.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">VIRGO, A VIRGEM </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrevirgo.blogspot.com/"><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobrevirgo.blogspot.com/</span></b></a><span style="color: #274e13;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AS NUVENS DE MAGALHÃES</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://sobrenuvensdemagalhaes.blogspot.com.br/">http://sobrenuvensdemagalhaes.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">LONGA JORNADA NOITE ADENTRO: O Revirão da Via Lactea</span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><a href="http://oreviraodavialactea.blogspot.com.br/">http://oreviraodavialactea.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>VISITANDO OS OBJETOS MESSIER</b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 23px;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://visitandoosobjetosmessier.blogspot.com.br/">http://visitandoosobjetosmessier.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Boa Leitura e Bons Estudos!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Com um abraço estrelado,<br />Janine Milward</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/35567.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35567/Le_Globe_Celeste/De%20La%20Croix.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35567/Le_Globe_Celeste/De%20La%20Croix.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-14135067367534082962015-04-06T06:19:00.001-07:002016-12-16T04:11:38.107-08:00ANDROMEDA, a Princesa Acorrentada - o texto completo<div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Meu Projeto</span></div>
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span></h3>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Deepest View of Space Yields Young Stars in Andromeda Halo</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Wide-Field Image</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Andromeda, as shown in Bayer's Uranometria" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/AndromedaBayer.jpg" height="619" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><b><br /></b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a> </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: italic;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b style="line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Credit:</b><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)</span></span></h1>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA's Hubble Celebrates 21st Anniversary with "Rose" of Galaxies</span></h1>
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<span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s1600/urania05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s640/urania05.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="444" /></span></a></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Card 5</a> </span></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="text1745" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gloria Frederici, Andromeda, and Triangula</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><u><br /></u></b><b><u><br /></u></b><b><u><br /></u></b><b>ANDROMEDA, </b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Posicionamento:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 22h56m / 2h36m Declinação +21<sup>o</sup> 4’ a +52<sup>o</sup> 9’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">História:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo. ( Século 2 DC).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33014op/Andromeda/Bayer.html" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNF-Hr9FV-eq3YVbAYxoo6vORSVvwpmbESquHrNO6IBCpGtc-ZDFnZBg4X2PnmrrjoN-4NrXx0wgJYBcDdBA7gY7OIljBgNvgLEUQrp-1OHXpP5-IEOdhHUI_uTjFPe16CkJfQC96e300/s1600/br_andromeda+john+Bayer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNF-Hr9FV-eq3YVbAYxoo6vORSVvwpmbESquHrNO6IBCpGtc-ZDFnZBg4X2PnmrrjoN-4NrXx0wgJYBcDdBA7gY7OIljBgNvgLEUQrp-1OHXpP5-IEOdhHUI_uTjFPe16CkJfQC96e300/s1600/br_andromeda+john+Bayer.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; line-height: normal;">Johann Bayer — Andromeda</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">O Mito de Andromeda</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas,</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>matando o monstro</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s1600/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eBqWeynnZhwh7N7hpYrXBwVMSbctWZUQI4WwXOpKFEc_JGQGcxq5zJQLdJdMKw9YccPa2ev1reClNCMWe5utl3I_jmBT39eYdM0Cs4_Fqreau-EiGtn7g22Fmld39xUxq9RADlbLpsYY/s640/andromeda,+perseus+-+guido+reni+-+1635.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="512" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts" style="color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">https://www.facebook.com/MuseoImmaginarioArtisenzaTempo?ref=ts&fref=ts</a><br /><span style="color: #274e13;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA:</b></span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /><br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18.2px;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação dos Peixes</span></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">É neste cenário</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"> - nos mares dos Peixes - </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">que podemos encontrar a Ilha</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">onde Andromeda está amarrada às pedras</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"> e sendo ameaçada</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">pelo Monstro Marinho, Cetus, a Baleia.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.2px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania27.jpg</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A Constelação de Cetus</b>, <b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b></span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania28.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania28.jpg</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado</span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania15.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania15.jpg</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia, a Rainha Invejosa, a Mulher Sentada</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e mãe de Andrômeda. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ambas eram belíssimas</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mas, por todos esses acontecimentos, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">como um lição de humildade.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p><br /></span><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span style="border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>A constelação de Perseus</b>, <b>o Herói e Campeão</b></span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> capa e asas nos pés </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quando retornava para sua casa, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e endoideceu de tanta dor, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdzHq7cfz8djTn-9CgFT8tLEFUcvWxqGNF0zqCtY5K5FULqVny1eDlqlFttbxQJX9jiXzn_iUQLR4eopmPdM2Vqi3t1xCyDx3czpFlZTFMxKBxBtNNiJzRAv8-dAxsDu-mx1o8vZI7mnQ/s1600/perseus+e+andromeda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania06.jpg</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000;">A Constelação de Cefeus, o pai de Andrômeda </span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> e sua filha Andrômeda </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">em comemoração sobre os eventos </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania04.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania04.jpg</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWYyg9lQAyuTXFYxjfQJHm8QN30fW85M578FEGRoFI5GJSnwbes3ACkgiDGesRd7cJ7cZeFtmOm-DZVqeoQk3vD0mfZ1gTwrt6haAjFR75P8GBdL4moSIkg-wRLKOZjV3cACYDKF8K304J/s1600/hir2full.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWYyg9lQAyuTXFYxjfQJHm8QN30fW85M578FEGRoFI5GJSnwbes3ACkgiDGesRd7cJ7cZeFtmOm-DZVqeoQk3vD0mfZ1gTwrt6haAjFR75P8GBdL4moSIkg-wRLKOZjV3cACYDKF8K304J/s1600/hir2full.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.lindahall.org/events_exhib/exhibit/exhibits/stars/images/hir2full.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.lindahall.org/events_exhib/exhibit/exhibits/stars/images/hir2full.jpg</span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Philippe La Hire, <i>Planisphere celeste,</i> 1705<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<a href="http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/test/id/1145" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/test/id/1145</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;">La Hire, Philippe de, 1705, Planisphere Celeste Septentrional.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="description_col1" id="metadata_nickname_rights" style="font-weight: bold; padding: 3px 2px 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 100px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rights</span></td><td class="description_col2" id="metadata_rights" style="padding: 3px 2px 10px;"><a class="body_link_11" href="http://www.lindahall.org/imagerepro/index.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.lindahall.org/imagerepro/index.shtml<span class="icon_11 ui-icon-extlink" style="background-image: url(http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/ui/cdm/default/collection/default/css/images/smoothness-ui-icons_888888_256x240.png); background-position: -35px -83px; display: inline-block; height: 11px; margin: 2px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 12px;"></span></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #660000;">sobre a Constelação de Andromeda:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">É realmente interessante percebermos que as constelações de Cepheus e de Cassipeia se posicionam muitíssimo próximas ao círculo polar - e mal podem ser visualisadas por inteiro por mim (que moro em Latitude 21S52 e Longitude 43W00). No entanto, as constelações de Perseus, de Pegasus e de Andromeda já se situam a meio caminho entre o norte propriamente dito e o Equador celestial. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">O mito de Andromeda e Perseus nos fala sobre o fato de que a Princesa foi acorrentada numa ilha.... Podemos, então, perceber que exatamente no Ponto Vernal, quer dizer, o ponto de entrecruzamento entre as Linhas do Equador Celestial e da Eclíptica se situa um tantinho abaixo do Grande Quadrado que une as constelações do Cavalo Alado Pegasus e de Andromeda, na simpática e tímida em suas estrelinhas formando dois círculos, a constelação Pisces, os Peixes. Quer dizer, o mar está implícito neste Mito de Andromeda!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">E também não podemos deixar de notar que neste mar - porém um tanto mais distante, digamos assim -, nada e se apresenta de maneira absolutamente imensa o Monstro Cetus, a Baleia...., porém já no chamado hemisfério sul do Globo Celestial! Quer dizer, Cetus é uma ameaça, sim - assim como o Mito insiste -, mas situa-se mais distanciado (mesmo que imensamente grande e chamando nossa atenção exatamente por seu tamanho descomunal....</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Estas questões sempre podem ser apreciadas em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Aliás, sempre que estivermos diante do Grande Quadrado do Cavalo Alado Pegasus chegando até Andromeda, constelações ao Norte,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">devemos fazer um traçado diretamente para o Sul até alcançarmos e nos deixarmos embevecer pela visão maravilhosa das duas Nuvens de Magalhães! (Aqui na roça do Sítio das Estrelas, onde moro e trabalho, um ajudante meu sempre apontava para estes dois pontos esfumaçados dos céus do sul dizendo que era as Mulas do Presépio de Jesus!).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Ainda Dois Dedinhos de Prosa </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">sobre minha Visão da Constelação de Andromeda</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> e da Galáxia Andromeda:</b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A galáxia de Andrômeda encontra-se dentro da constelação com o mesmo nome. É um belíssimo objeto a ser visto através mesmo simples binóculos! Em locais de céus escuros e transparentes e com bom norte - já morei no Sítio da Laje, em Sapucaia, RJ, onde isso acontecia -, podemos olhar para a galáxia de Andrômeda com nossa vista enviesada e a olho nú e nos surpreendermos com sua beleza rara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Eu já tive a felicidade de morar num Sítio vicinal ao Rio Paraíba, na cidadezinha de Sapucaia, divisa do Estado do Rio com as Minas Gerais, onde sempre a constelação de Andromeda atraía imensamente minha atenção à vista desarmada e em olhar enviesado, é claro, pois que os céus do norte naquele lugar era realmente escuro e transparente - diferente do Sítio onde moro agora, o Sítio das Estrelas (distante a dois quilômetros apenas da cidadezinha que me acolhe) e a cidade de Juiz de Fora (a <st1:metricconverter productid="65 quilmetros" w:st="on">65 quilômetros</st1:metricconverter>) poluem com suas iluminações urbanas desenfreadas minha visão mais ao norte e ao noroeste, infelizmente.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">O que sempre encantava meu olhar e meu coração em minhas observações naquele Sítio em Sapucaia, era o fato de que, por um lado - ao norte - Andromeda, a galáxia, sorria para mim.... e, por outro lado - ao sul -, as duas Nuvens de Magalhães também se apresentavam!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ah, a observação dos céus estrelados a olho nú é algo realmente encantador, emocionante e somente aqueles que se dedicam a esse tipo de observação<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">saindo de suas poltronas (the arm-chair astronomer) e das telas maravilhantes de seus computadores -, conseguem compreender o maravilhamento que as estrelas e suas constelações e alguns objetos celestes visíveis à vista desarmada nos proporcionam, gratuitamente e quase eternamente....</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Janine</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000;">Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:</span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andromeda é uma constelação muito conhecida - juntamente com as demais constelações que fazem parte de seu Mito - em função de M31, uma galáxia espiral gigante muitíssimo próxima à nossa própria Galáxia, a Via Láctea. Essas duas galáxias são consideradas as maiores dentro do chamado Grupo Local que acolhe cerca de 20 membros.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Fronteiras:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A constelação de Andrômeda situa-se entre as constelações de Cassiopéia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Peixes, Áries e Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.heavens-above.com/constellation.aspx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT</span><br />
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">Algumas Estrelas </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">e alguns objetos interessantes, </b></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #660000;">em Andromeda:</span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existe um <b>Asterismo</b> interessante e chamado de <b>A Gloria de Frederico</b>, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">composto pelas estrelas Iota, Kappa, Lambda e Psi Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stellarium</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Alpheratz ou Sirrah</span></b><span style="color: #073763;">. Alpha Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela dupla, branca avermelhada, no cabelo de Andromeda. </span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> De Al Surrat al Farás, falando sobre a parte do cavalo </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- por ter sido pertencente a Pegasus, anteriormente. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Esta estrela também é conhecida por <b>Sirrah</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stellarium</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>Mirach</b>. Beta Andromedae. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asc. Reta 01h08,6m - Declinação +35,31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Magnitude visual 2,37 - Distância 76 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela amarelada situada no colar de Andromeda. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">De Mirak. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em outra versão, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a Ilhaorga, nome árabe que se refere </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">à parte acorrentada do corpo de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stellarium</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gamma Andromedae 1 - Almach<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h00m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.06 Magnitude 2,3 e 5,1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ângulo de Posição 63<sup>o</sup>.,0 Distância entre estrelas 9”,89<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Almach ou Alamak</b>. Eta Andromedae. <b>Estrela Dupla</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h02,7 - Declinação +42<sup>o</sup> 14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,28 - Distância 260 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Uma estrela binária (ou ternária), laranja, esmeralda e azul, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">situada no pé esquerdo de Andromeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">De Al Anak al Ard, um pequeno animal árabe, como um gambá <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(ou uma cabra, em outra versão)</span><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">R Andromedae - Estrela Variável<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h21m Declinação +38<sup>o</sup>.18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnitudes: Max 5,0 Min 15,3 Período 409,0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipo PLG Espectro SE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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Domínio público, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=221589</div>
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<b>Alpha Andromedae</b> (Alpha And, α And, α Andromedae), também chamada <b>Alpheratz</b>, <b>Sirah</b> ou <b>Delta Pegasi</b>, é a <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela">estrela</a> mais brilhante da constelação de <a class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andrômeda</a>. Está situada no extremo nordeste da constelação de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a> e como tal também pode ser designada por <b>Delta Pegasi</b> (δ Peg), apesar de este nome não ser mais utilizado. Está localizada a 97 anos-luz da Terra.</div>
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É uma <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_bin%C3%A1ria" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela binária">estrela binária</a> de magnitude 2,2, de classe B (azul-branco). É composta por duas estrelas que orbitam próximas e que só se conseguem distinguir através de análise <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectroscopia" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscópica</a> cuidada. A maior das duas tem um tamanho dez vezes superior. O <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Período orbital">período orbital</a> tem 96,7 dias. A <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estelar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Classificação estelar">classe espectral</a> é B8 e o par é 200 vezes mais luminoso que o <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sol">Sol</a>, com uma temperatura à superfície de 13000 <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></div>
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A estrela maior possui uma grande abundância de vários elementos, tais como <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)">mercúrio</a>, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gálio">gálio</a>, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manganês">manganês</a> e <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Európio">európio</a>, na sua atmosfera. Por outro lado, outros elementos têm concentrações muito baixas. Estas anomalias podem ser o resultado da pressão gravitacional da estrela.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tipo_HgMn_1-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-tipo_HgMn-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Andromedae#cite_note-2" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup> A estrela é classificada como do tipo <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_vari%C3%A1vel" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela variável">variável</a> <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari%C3%A1vel_Alpha%C2%B2_Canum_Venaticorum" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Variável Alpha² Canum Venaticorum">Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum</a> e a sua magnitude varia de +2,02 até +2.06, com um período de 23,19 horas.</div>
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<b>Beta Andromedae</b> (β And, β Andromedae) é uma <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela">estrela</a> da <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">constelação</a> de <a class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda">Andromeda</a>. O seu nome tradicional é <b>Mirach</b>.</div>
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Mirach é uma <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigante_vermelha" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gigante vermelha">gigante vermelha</a> de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estelar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Classificação estelar">classe espectral</a> M0. Situa-se a aproximadamente 200 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">ano-luz</a> da Terra e tem uma <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> média de 2,05. É uma estrela do tipo variável semi-regular brilhando com magnitude variando de <i>V</i><sub style="line-height: 1;">max</sub> = 2.01<sup style="line-height: 1;">m</sup>, <i>V</i><sub style="line-height: 1;">min</sub> = 2.10 <sup style="line-height: 1;">m</sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NSV_2-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae#cite_note-NSV-2" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup>.</div>
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A galáxia <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 404">NGC 404</a> possui uma relação com Mirach. NGC 404 é mais conhecida como O Fantasma de Mirach, pois a estrela brilhante tende a esconde-la por causa do tipo de padrão de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difra%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Difração">difração</a> do seu brilho quando observada pela maioria dos <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NGC404_6-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae#cite_note-NGC404-6" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup></div>
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Mirach ou ADS 949 A participa de um sistema de estrelas <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela_dupla" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela dupla">binária óptica</a>, com </div>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 1em 0px;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;"><b>ADS 949</b> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ADS949_7-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae#cite_note-ADS949-7" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></caption><tbody>
<tr><th style="background: rgb(255, 127, 0); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Nome</th><th style="background: rgb(255, 127, 0); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">Ascensão reta</a></th><th style="background: rgb(255, 127, 0); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Declinação">Declinação</a></th></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">BD+34 198B<br />ou ADS 949 B <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MIRACHBD_8-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae#cite_note-MIRACHBD-8" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=%401546005&Name=BD%2b34%20%20%20198C&submit=submit" rel="nofollow" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2212%22%20height%3D%2212%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%20d%3D%22M1.5%204.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M5.765%201H11v5.39L9.427%207.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393%209.35l-2.69-2.688%202.81-2.808L4.2%202.544z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M9.995%202.004l.022%204.885L8.2%205.07%205.32%207.95%204.09%206.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"); color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">BD+34 198C</a><br />ou ADS 949 C</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">01<sup style="line-height: 1;">h</sup> 09<sup style="line-height: 1;">m</sup> 35.310<sup style="line-height: 1;">s</sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">+35° 37′ 24.55″</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=%401546006&Name=BD%2b34%20%20%20198D&submit=submit" rel="nofollow" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2212%22%20height%3D%2212%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%20d%3D%22M1.5%204.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M5.765%201H11v5.39L9.427%207.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393%209.35l-2.69-2.688%202.81-2.808L4.2%202.544z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M9.995%202.004l.022%204.885L8.2%205.07%205.32%207.95%204.09%206.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"); color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">BD+34 198D</a><br />ou ADS 949 D</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">01<sup style="line-height: 1;">h</sup> 09<sup style="line-height: 1;">m</sup> 46.909<sup style="line-height: 1;">s</sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">+35° 36′ 15.87<br /></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae</span><br />
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<b>Gamma Andromeda</b> ou <b>Almak</b><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ridpath1988_1-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma1_Andromedae#cite_note-Ridpath1988-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> é um sistema triplo de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrela" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Estrela">estrelas</a> que está localizado na <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">Constelação de Andrômeda</a>.</div>
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Inicialmente este conjunto de estrelas pode ser identificado, quando visto com <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a> pequenos, como um sistema duplo facilmente separável por causa do contraste das cores das estrelas que o compõem, uma azul e a outra verde,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma1_Andromedae#cite_note-2" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup> sendo que a estrela mais brilhante deste par é uma estrela de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude</a> 2.2 e a outra uma estrela de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude</a> 5.0.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-constela.C3.A7.C3.A3oandromeda_3-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma1_Andromedae#cite_note-constela.C3.A7.C3.A3oandromeda-3" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Porém, quando vistas com um <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a> mais sofisticado, nota-se que a estrela de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude</a> 5.0 também faz um par binário com uma estrela de <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude</a> 6.6.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-constela.C3.A7.C3.A3oandromeda_3-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma1_Andromedae#cite_note-constela.C3.A7.C3.A3oandromeda-3" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></div>
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<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;">https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma1_Andromedae</span></div>
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<strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Distância: 10,32 anos-luz</strong> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Ross 248</strong>, fica a cerca de 10,32 anos-luz da Terra, e está realmente movendo-se tão rapidamente que daqui a cerca de 36 mil anos ela vai assumir o título de estrela mais próxima da Terra (além do nosso Sol). No entanto, ele vai começar se afastar-se novamente e abandonar o título cerca de 9000 anos mais tarde. Esta anã vermelha, é alvo de estudo científico intenso, e a sonda Voyager 2 vai passar a cerca de 1,7 anos-luz da estrela daqui a cerca de 40.000 anos. A estrela está localizada na constelação de Andrômeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><a href="http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb</span></a></span></div>
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<strong style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fonte: ciencia-online.net</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26349</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stellarium</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b>NGC 7662 - Andromeda - Nebulosa Planetária</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Ascensão Reta 23h25m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Tipo Nebulosa Planetária NP Dimensão 0,3 Magnitude 16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Magnitude da Estrela associada 12 Distância em anos-luz 4,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Dimensões 17”x14” </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Esta é uma nebulosa planetária que parece uma estrela esfumaçada através telescópios pequenos. Com instrumentos mais potentes, podem ser vistos um anel brilhante e uma estrela central. Situa-se bem próxima à estrela Iota Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b>NGC 891 - Galáxia</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">NGC 891 Tipo Sb Galáxia Espiral Barrada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"> Ascensão Reta 02h22m6 Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.21 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Dimensões 14.0x3.0 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Um exemplo de galáxia espiral vista de lado, com uma banda proeminente de matéria interestelar ao longo do plano principal galáctico. Distante cerca de 43 milhões de anos-luz. Situa-se próxima à estrela Alamak ou Almach.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b>NGC 752 - Aglomerado Aberto - Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Ascensão Reta 01h56m Declinação +37<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Magnitude fotográfica global 6,6 Distância kpc 0,38<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763;">Diâmetro 45’ Tipo Espectral A5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NGC 404</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia">galáxia</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">elíptica</a> (E-S0) localizada na direcção da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">constelação</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">Andromeda</a>. Possui uma declinação de +35° 43' 06" e uma<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_recta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão recta">ascensão recta</a> de 1 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 09 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 26,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A galáxia <b>NGC 404</b> foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_de_Setembro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="13 de Setembro">13 de Setembro</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1784">1784</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">É visível, em telescópios amadores, perto da estrela <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Andromedae">Beta Andromedae</a> (a 7 minutos-arco) . Está localizada a cerca de 10,7 milhões de anos-luz da Terra, um pouco fora do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local">Grupo Local</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="NGC 404" src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2008-02r_img01_small.jpg" height="512" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">'Ghost of Mirach' Rears its Spooky Head</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The "Ghost of Mirach" galaxy is shown in visible light on the left, and in ultraviolet as seen by NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer on the right. The fields of view are identical in both pictures, with the Ghost of Mirach -- a galaxy called NGC 404 -- seen as the whitish spot in the center of the images. Mirach is a red giant star that looms large in visible light. Because NGC 404 is lost in the glare of this star, it was nicknamed the Ghost of Mirach.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But when the galaxy is viewed in ultraviolet light, it comes to "life," revealing a never-before-seen ring. This ring, seen in <span style="text-align: start;">blue in the picture on the right, contains new stars -- a surprise considering that the galaxy was previously thought to be, essentially, dead.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The field of view spans 55,000 light years across. The Ghost of Mirach is located 11 million light-years from Earth. The star Mirach is very close in comparison -- it is only 200 light-years away and is visible with the naked eye.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The visible data come from the Digitized Sky Survey of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 7662 - Andromeda - Nebulosa Planetária<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h25m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipo Nebulosa Planetária NP Dimensão 0,3 Magnitude 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnitude da Estrela associada 12 Distância em anos-luz 4,0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dimensões 17”x14” <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Esta é uma nebulosa planetária que parece uma estrela esfumaçada através telescópios pequenos. Com instrumentos mais potentes, podem ser vistos um anel brilhante e uma estrela central. Situa-se bem próxima à estrela Iota Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NGC 7662</b>, also known as the <b>Blue Snowball Nebula</b> or <b>Snowball Nebula</b>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Planetary nebula">planetary nebula</a> located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The distance to this nebula is not known with any real accuracy. According to the Skalnate Pleso Catalogue (1951) the distance of NGC 7662 is about 1,800 light years, the actual diameter about 20,000 AU. In a more recent survey of the brighter planetaries, C.R.O'Dell (1963) derived a distance of 1,740 parsecs or about 5,600 light years, increasing the actual size to 0.8 light year, or nearly 50,000 AU. It has a faint central star that is variable, with a magnitude range of 12 to 16.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> The central star is a bluish dwarf with a continuous spectrum and a computed temperature of about 75,000K. The nuclei of the planetary nebulae are among the hottest stars known.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 7662 is a popular planetary nebula for casual observers. A small telescope will reveal a star-like object with slight nebulosity. A 6" telescope with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnification">magnification</a> around 100x will reveal a slightly bluish disk, while telescopes with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mirror" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Primary mirror">primary mirror</a> at least 16" in diameter may reveal slight color and brightness variations in the interior.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ngc7662hst.jpg/530px-Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg</span></a><br />
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<table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); direction: ltr; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Source</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Howard Bond (ST ScI) and NASA/ESA</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 891 - Galáxia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 891 Tipo Sb Galáxia Espiral Barrada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Ascensão Reta 02h22m6 Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.21 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dimensões 14.0x3.0 <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Um exemplo de galáxia espiral vista de lado, com uma banda proeminente de matéria interestelar ao longo do plano principal galáctico. Distante cerca de 43 milhões de anos-luz. Situa-se próxima à estrela Alamak ou Almach.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NGC 891</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_espiral" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia espiral">galáxia espiral</a> localizada a cerca de trinta milhões de <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 9,197 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente cento e vinte mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a>, uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 10,1, uma declinação de +42º 21' 03" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 02 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 22 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 33,5 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 891 foi descoberta em Agosto de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1783">1783</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> e é muito estudada devido às suas semelhanças com a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via-L%C3%A1ctea" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Via-Láctea">Via-Láctea</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> Torsten Boeker, Space Telescope Science Institute (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">) , and </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 752 - Aglomerado Aberto - Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 01h56m Declinação +37<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnitude fotográfica global 6,6 Distância kpc 0,38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752</span></a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><b style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">NGC 752</b><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> é um </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_aberto" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado aberto">aglomerado aberto</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> na direção da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">constelação de Andromeda</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. O objeto foi descoberto pelo astrônomo </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Hodierna" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Giovanni Hodierna">Giovanni Hodierna</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> em 1654, usando um </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> refrator com abertura de 0 polegadas. Devido a sua moderada </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (+5,7), é visível apenas com </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">amadores ou com equipamentos superiores.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://messier.seds.org/Pics/Ngc/n0752kc.jpg" height="640" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><b>Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Arp 273</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>is a group of interacting </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, lying 300 million<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_years" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Light years"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">light years</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>away in the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">constellation Andromeda</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. It was first described in the</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, compiled by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halton_Arp" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Halton Arp"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Halton Arp</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>in 1966.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1810&action=edit&redlink=1" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1810 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1810</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, is about five times heavier.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;">It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1813&action=edit&redlink=1" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1813 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1813</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Image: A "Rose" Made of Galaxies Highlights Hubble's 21st Anniversary</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: start;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The newly released Hubble image shows a large spiral galaxy, known as UGC 1810, with a disk that is distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. A swath of blue jewel-like points across the top is the combined light from clusters of intensely bright and hot young blue stars. These massive stars glow fiercely in ultraviolet light.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The smaller, nearly edge-on companion shows distinct signs of intense star formation at its nucleus, perhaps triggered by the encounter with the companion galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Arp 273 lies in the constellation Andromeda and is roughly 300 million light-years away from Earth. The image shows a tenuous tidal bridge of material between the two galaxies that are separated from each other by tens of thousands of light-years.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Names</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UGC 1810, PGC 8961, MCG +06-06-023, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" style="text-decoration: none;">ARP 273</a>, VV 323a</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Right Ascension (2000.0)</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">02:21:28.7</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Declination</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+39:22:32</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Constellation</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andromeda</span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Video: Arp 273 Zoom Sequence (Narrated)</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Video Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and Z. Levay, G. Bacon, and M. Estacion (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Image Credit:</span> A. Fujii; A. Block (Mount Lemmon SkyCenter, University of Arizona); Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), <a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>, Palomar/Caltech; and the <a href="http://heritage.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">Hubble Heritage</a> Team (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> </span><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span><br />
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="512" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="635" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></td></tr>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_WjPuIsU_pngflLOpYixC4OWvVwMWOAIRcPrMCQWykWm3Wqfhoglm4zVKq4DCyt4IAVxUKZ4wl-bJ4wYiTZlENFpNVgSgMrQEBRRfPj0OSx1WkjVmSHiKKmFmLaEAaORoX9A-rE_1KLsN/s1600/Andromeda+e+gal%25C3%25A1xias+sat%25C3%25A9lites.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_WjPuIsU_pngflLOpYixC4OWvVwMWOAIRcPrMCQWykWm3Wqfhoglm4zVKq4DCyt4IAVxUKZ4wl-bJ4wYiTZlENFpNVgSgMrQEBRRfPj0OSx1WkjVmSHiKKmFmLaEAaORoX9A-rE_1KLsN/s1600/Andromeda+e+gal%25C3%25A1xias+sat%25C3%25A9lites.png" /></a></div>
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Stellarium</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-size: large;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="color: #073763;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> NGC 185 (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e NGC 147 (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>MGC 221 = M32</b> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do Atlas Celeste<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" height="640" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" height="640" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big><br />Recorded (964) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" height="750" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b>M32 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</b></big><br />Discovered (1749) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)<br />A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" height="750" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></h1>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span><br />
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 17px;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>FUSÃO DE GALÁXIAS:</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>VIA LACTEA E ANDROMEDA!</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way </span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-b-xlarge_web.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-m-web_print.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2013/11/Andromeda-Milky-Way-Mike-Taylor-9-8-2013-Bold-Coast-Maine.jpg" style="line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda" height="960" id="Image5_img" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpR1bEgZO1RHeNa8x8y_2TYe02NnuVpZ97ioDeT_9Z7zaGYbHfqSUUGwOYAc_USKPHrnKuAUW9OYbCxuo3pu_kdpX2s6wPNYnqYhesDG78guZ4FL-XWnmxDtFvJaRkRjHKVLyJee1ZtOm/s1600/mike+talor+milk+way+and+andromeda.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="629" /> </span></a></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: #660000;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">O GRUPO LOCAL</span></b></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group</a></span></span></div>
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<span dir="auto"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#mw-navigation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#p-search" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">The original image is located here:</span><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/800px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" style="border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.141px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-image: none; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429">Andrew Z. Colvin</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><br />
<h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></h1>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Size <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><img src="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/library/rare/jamieson_plate3.jpg" height="545" width="640" /><br /><a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/library/rare/jamieson_plate3.jpg">http://aa.usno.navy.mil/library/rare/jamieson_plate3.jpg</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/jamieson.htm"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/jamieson.htm</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">que se abrem para a infinitude do universo </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"> vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: italic;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></div>
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<a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span lang="PT">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b><span lang="PT"> e ao Infinito</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Constelações, Estrelas e Objetos Celestes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Suas histórias, seus mitos, seus significados e suas sintetizadas descrições<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações e Compilação,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Tradução para a língua portuguesa (em alguns momentos)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">bem como Comentários Pessoais:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span lang="PT">Janine Milward</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Alguns dados<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">são época/equinócio 1980<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">alguma pequena retificação.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Obrigada por sua compreensão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Visitando os Sites abaixo,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"> você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><em><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-57708831154373281742013-11-18T06:24:00.005-08:002015-04-06T06:31:12.140-07:00ANDROMEDA, a Princesa Acorrentada - o texto completo<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu Projeto</span><br />
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span></h3>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg" height="426" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" height="270" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">NGC 224 = M31</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Deepest View of Space Yields Young Stars in Andromeda Halo</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Wide-Field Image</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Andromeda, as shown in Bayer's Uranometria" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/AndromedaBayer.jpg" height="619" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a> </span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2012-03r_img01.jpg" height="476" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbK_L6aD2NG1u38C4N6ZIpJpyzmPDoyRpLapmPue3DnWDgfT08SR-YutnwBcxEJmGNruJl2XNGw58H-TZwyy-5pwi11VH8o3H5uUDVkK9Q9HLKVPjuEnQ4vZe5uiS0h-6iLiaJqqBPKhhc/s1600/hs-2011-11-a-large_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbK_L6aD2NG1u38C4N6ZIpJpyzmPDoyRpLapmPue3DnWDgfT08SR-YutnwBcxEJmGNruJl2XNGw58H-TZwyy-5pwi11VH8o3H5uUDVkK9Q9HLKVPjuEnQ4vZe5uiS0h-6iLiaJqqBPKhhc/s1600/hs-2011-11-a-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Credit:</b><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)</span></span></h1>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA's Hubble Celebrates 21st Anniversary with "Rose" of Galaxies</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_gm_ObiSbqKYNkzs6RcbpkdndK3kUtKYD46b4JEcLT1Kuu68j059ITsXDycZo6YAvrLFK-9n1eRCLZfzreOEcLwZzm3Q7-PGuHdGDfM2yhzvZC5a00zyGdecKjS4wvpCJd908vx00NO6/s1600/Andromeda,+mario+jaci,+e+90+graus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_gm_ObiSbqKYNkzs6RcbpkdndK3kUtKYD46b4JEcLT1Kuu68j059ITsXDycZo6YAvrLFK-9n1eRCLZfzreOEcLwZzm3Q7-PGuHdGDfM2yhzvZC5a00zyGdecKjS4wvpCJd908vx00NO6/s1600/Andromeda,+mario+jaci,+e+90+graus.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNU1206yBX17PEdLbMFUdBV0E0C1oFgZ4gVMVTOD163q4a0DOYoyQuAcwhqrHZNoDG2qo9v7s1moGfrp_90KR1O4ErB5veKX7SBuMRGcLNliJf86aE5S9J7nobtTSSaQYy7zokHySX3egB/s1600/alfabeto+grego%252C+conven%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+e+uso+da+carta+celeste.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNU1206yBX17PEdLbMFUdBV0E0C1oFgZ4gVMVTOD163q4a0DOYoyQuAcwhqrHZNoDG2qo9v7s1moGfrp_90KR1O4ErB5veKX7SBuMRGcLNliJf86aE5S9J7nobtTSSaQYy7zokHySX3egB/s640/alfabeto+grego%252C+conven%25C3%25A7%25C3%25B5es+e+uso+da+carta+celeste.jpg" height="422" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: medium;"> e ao Infinito</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Constelações, Estrelas e Objetos Celestes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Suas histórias, seus mitos, seus significados e suas sintetizadas descrições<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações e Compilação,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Tradução para a língua portuguesa (em alguns momentos)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">bem como Comentários Pessoais:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span lang="PT">Janine Milward</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Alguns dados<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">são época/equinócio 1980<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">alguma pequena retificação.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Obrigada por sua compreensão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Visitando os Sites abaixo,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><em><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s1600/urania05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s640/urania05.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="444" /></span></a></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="font-size: medium; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Card 5</a> </span></div>
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<span class="text2160" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="text1745" style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gloria Frederici, Andromeda, and Triangula</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;">ANDROMEDA, </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Posicionamento:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 22h56m / 2h36m Declinação +21<sup>o</sup> 4’ a +52<sup>o</sup> 9’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">História:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo. ( Século 2 DC).<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><span class="titlebold" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Johann Bayer. <em>Uranometria</em>, 1603.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> Title Page</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="titlebold" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Johann Bayer. <em>Uranometria</em>, 1603.</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> Leaf 20 Verso, Andromeda.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Johann Bayer — Andromeda</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>O Mito de Andromeda:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas, Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, para devastar aquele país. Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento matando o monstro e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa. Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado, e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Philippe La Hire, <i>Planisphere celeste,</i> 1705<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A Constelação de Cetus</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">, <b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/34421ac.jpg" height="242" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="320" /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34421ac/_Cetus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34421ac/_Cetus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Striking full color example of Bayer's celestial chart of Cetus, with the stars heightened in gold. The present example has no text on the verso.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology. Cetus is located in the region of the northern sky that contains other water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces, and Eridanus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer's <em>Uranometria</em>, is one of the most important celestial atlases of the 17th Century and the forerunner of all star atlases which contained 51 star charts, of which 48 were Ptolomeic constellations. </span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35069/Pagase_Le_Petit_Cheval_Le_Dauphin_Pegasus_Pisces_and_Equuleus/Flamsteed-Fortin.html</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Map Maker: </strong><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;"></span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;"> / </span><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Detailed star chart of Pegasus, Pisces and Equuleus, from Fortin's <em>Atlas Celeste de Flamsteed </em>. . , published in Paris. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">John Flamsteed was the first Astronomer Royal at the London Observatory, winning out over Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia, a Rainha Invejosa, a Mulher Sentada</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, e mãe de Andrômeda. Ambas eram belíssimas mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. Mas por todos esses acontecimentos, Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, como um lição de humildade.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/33323op.jpg" height="298" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33323op/Cassiopeia/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33323op/Cassiopeia/Bayer.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Decorative map of the Constellation Cassiopeia, with the stars heightened in Gold. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The plate was originally included in the forty-eight maps of the individual constellations in Bayer's <em>Uranometria</em> in 1603. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A constelação de Perseus</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">, <b>o Herói e Campeão</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada, capa e asas nos pés e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. Quando retornava para sua casa, ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô e endoideceu de tanta dor, mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img alt="Perseus" src="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bigpix/040011bc.jpg" height="306" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
<a href="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bayer34.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bayer34.shtml</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">A Constelação de Cefeus, o pai de Andrômeda <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia, e sua filha Andrômeda em comemoração sobre os eventos e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/30845op/_Cepheus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/30845op/_Cepheus_Stars_Heightened_in_Gold/Bayer.html</a> </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/247" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">Johann Bayer</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Striking full color example of Bayer's celestial chart of Cepheus, with the stars heightened in gold.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellation</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his </span><em style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">La Hire, Philippe de, 1705, Planisphere Celeste Septentrional.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Meus (Janine) Comentários </span></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: large;">sobre a Constelação de Andromeda:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 11pt;">É realmente interessante percebermos que as constelações de Cepheus e de Cassipeia se posicionam muitíssimo próximas ao círculo polar - e mal podem ser visualisadas por inteiro por mim (que moro em Latitude 21S52 e Longitude 43W00). No entanto, as constelações de Perseus, de Pegasus e de Andromeda já se situam a meio caminho entre o norte propriamente dito e o Equador celestial. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 15px;">O mito de Andromeda e Perseus nos fala sobre o fato de que a Princesa foi acorrentada numa ilha.... Podemos, então, perceber que exatamente no Ponto Vernal, quer dizer, o ponto de entrecruzamento entre as Linhas do Equador Celestial e da Eclíptica se situa um tantinho abaixo do Grande Quadrado que une as constelações do Cavalo Alado Pegasus e de Andromeda, na simpática e tímida em suas estrelinhas formando dois círculos, a constelação Pisces, os Peixes. Quer dizer, o mar está implícito neste Mito de Andromeda!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 15px;">E também não podemos deixar de notar que neste mar - porém um tanto mais distante, digamos assim -, nada e se apresenta de maneira absolutamente imensa o Monstro Cetus, a Baleia...., porém já no chamado hemisfério sul do Globo Celestial! Quer dizer, Cetus é uma ameaça, sim - assim como o Mito insiste -, mas situa-se mais distanciado (mesmo que imensamente grande e chamando nossa atenção exatamente por seu tamanho descomunal....</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 15px;">Estas questões sempre podem ser apreciadas em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 15px;">Aliás, sempre que estivermos diante do Grande Quadrado do Cavalo Alado Pegasus chegando até Andromeda, constelações ao Norte,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: 15px;">devemos fazer um traçado diretamente para o Sul até alcançarmos e nos deixarmos embevecer pela visão maravilhosa das duas Nuvens de Magalhães! (Aqui na roça do Sítio das Estrelas, onde moro e trabalho, um ajudante meu sempre apontava para estes dois pontos esfumaçados dos céus do sul dizendo que era as Mulas do Presépio de Jesus!).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Ainda Dois Dedinhos de Prosa </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">sobre minha Visão da Constelação de Andromeda</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e da Galáxia Andromeda:</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia de Andrômeda encontra-se dentro da constelação com o mesmo nome. É um belíssimo objeto a ser visto através mesmo simples binóculos! Em locais de céus escuros e transparentes e com bom norte - já morei no Sítio da Laje, em Sapucaia, RJ, onde isso acontecia -, podemos olhar para a galáxia de Andrômeda com nossa vista enviesada e a olho nú e nos surpreendermos com sua beleza rara.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu já tive a felicidade de morar num Sítio vicinal ao Rio Paraíba, na cidadezinha de Sapucaia, divisa do Estado do Rio com as Minas Gerais, onde sempre a constelação de Andromeda atraía imensamente minha atenção à vista desarmada e em olhar enviesado, é claro, pois que os céus do norte naquele lugar era realmente escuro e transparente - diferente do Sítio onde moro agora, o Sítio das Estrelas (distante a dois quilômetros apenas da cidadezinha que me acolhe) e a cidade de Juiz de Fora (a <st1:metricconverter productid="65 quilmetros" w:st="on">65 quilômetros</st1:metricconverter>) poluem com suas iluminações urbanas desenfreadas minha visão mais ao norte e ao noroeste, infelizmente.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O que sempre encantava meu olhar e meu coração em minhas observações naquele Sítio em Sapucaia, era o fato de que, por um lado - ao norte - Andromeda, a galáxia, sorria para mim.... e, por outro lado - ao sul -, as duas Nuvens de Magalhães também se apresentavam!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Ah, a observação dos céus estrelados a olho nú é algo realmente encantador, emocionante e somente aqueles que se dedicam a esse tipo de observação</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -18pt;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -18pt;">saindo de suas poltronas (the arm-chair astronomer) e das telas maravilhantes de seus computadores -, conseguem compreender o maravilhamento que as estrelas e suas constelações e alguns objetos celestes visíveis à vista desarmada nos proporcionam, gratuitamente e quase eternamente....</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -18pt;">Janine</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Andromeda " src="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/reissig/bigpix/0022058b.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/reissig/reissig58.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/reissig/reissig58.shtml</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><img alt="Andromeda" src="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bigpix/040020bc.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><a href="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bayer52.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/ebooks/bayer/bayer52.shtml</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Andromeda é uma constelação muito conhecida - juntamente com as demais constelações que fazem parte de seu Mito - em função de M31, uma galáxia espiral gigante muitíssimo próxima à nossa própria Galáxia, a Via Láctea. Essas duas galáxias são consideradas as maiores dentro do chamado Grupo Local que acolhe cerca de 20 membros.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Fronteiras:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A constelação de Andrômeda situa-se entre as constelações de Cassiopéia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Peixes, Áries e Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img alt="Sky chart of the constellation" src="http://www.heavens-above.com/conchart.ashx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT&con=And&fov=45&ra=0.8&dec=37&sz=800" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_imgConstellation" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; height: 800px; padding: 8px; width: 800px;" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.heavens-above.com/constellation.aspx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;">Algumas Estrelas </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;">e alguns objetos interessantes, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;">em Andromeda:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existe um <b>Asterismo</b> interessante e chamado de <b>A Gloria de Frederico</b>, composto pelas estrelas Iota, Kappa, Lambda e Psi Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Alpheratz ou Sirrah</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Alpha Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela dupla, branca avermelhada, no cabelo de Andromeda. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> De Al Surrat al Farás, falando sobre a parte do cavalo - por ter sido pertencente a Pegasus, anteriormente. Esta estrela também é conhecida por <b>Sirrah</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Mirach</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Beta Andromedae. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asc. Reta 01h08,6m - Declinação +35,31<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> Magnitude visual 2,37 - Distância 76 anos-luz</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela amarelada situada no colar de Andromeda. De Mirak. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em outra versão, a Ilhaorga, nome árabe que se refere à parte acorrentada do corpo de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Almach ou Alamak</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Eta Andromedae. <b>Estrela Dupla</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h02,7 - Declinação +42<sup>o</sup> 14<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,28 - Distância 260 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela binária (ou ternária), laranja, esmeralda e azul, situada no pé esquerdo de Andromeda. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">De Al Anak al Ard, um pequeno animal árabe, como um gambá <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(ou uma cabra, em outra versão)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma Andromedae 1 - Almach<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h00m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.06 Magnitude 2,3 e 5,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ângulo de Posição 63<sup>o</sup>.,0 Distância entre estrelas 9”,89<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">R Andromedae - Estrela Variável<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h21m Declinação +38<sup>o</sup>.18<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitudes: Max 5,0 Min 15,3 Período 409,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo PLG Espectro SE<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Distância: 10,32 anos-luz</strong> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Ross 248</strong>, fica a cerca de 10,32 anos-luz da Terra, e está realmente movendo-se tão rapidamente que daqui a cerca de 36 mil anos ela vai assumir o título de estrela mais próxima da Terra (além do nosso Sol). No entanto, ele vai começar se afastar-se novamente e abandonar o título cerca de 9000 anos mais tarde. Esta anã vermelha, é alvo de estudo científico intenso, e a sonda Voyager 2 vai passar a cerca de 1,7 anos-luz da estrela daqui a cerca de 40.000 anos. A estrela está localizada na constelação de Andrômeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><a href="http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb</span></a></span></div>
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<strong style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fonte: ciencia-online.net</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><img src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" height="359" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">NGC 404</span></b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia">galáxia</a> <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">elíptica</a> (E-S0) localizada na direcção da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">constelação</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">Andromeda</a>. Possui uma declinação de +35° 43' 06" e uma<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_recta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão recta">ascensão recta</a> de 1 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 09 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 26,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia <b>NGC 404</b> foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_de_Setembro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="13 de Setembro">13 de Setembro</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1784">1784</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É visível, em telescópios amadores, perto da estrela <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Andromedae">Beta Andromedae</a> (a 7 minutos-arco) . Está localizada a cerca de 10,7 milhões de anos-luz da Terra, um pouco fora do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local">Grupo Local</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="NGC 404" src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2008-02r_img01_small.jpg" height="512" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Ghost of Mirach' Rears its Spooky Head</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The "Ghost of Mirach" galaxy is shown in visible light on the left, and in ultraviolet as seen by NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer on the right. The fields of view are identical in both pictures, with the Ghost of Mirach -- a galaxy called NGC 404 -- seen as the whitish spot in the center of the images. Mirach is a red giant star that looms large in visible light. Because NGC 404 is lost in the glare of this star, it was nicknamed the Ghost of Mirach.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But when the galaxy is viewed in ultraviolet light, it comes to "life," revealing a never-before-seen ring. This ring, seen in <span style="text-align: start;">blue in the picture on the right, contains new stars -- a surprise considering that the galaxy was previously thought to be, essentially, dead.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The field of view spans 55,000 light years across. The Ghost of Mirach is located 11 million light-years from Earth. The star Mirach is very close in comparison -- it is only 200 light-years away and is visible with the naked eye.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The visible data come from the Digitized Sky Survey of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.7123055556&declination=41.2688888889&viewAngle=20.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7123055556&declination=41.2688888889&viewAngle=20" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7123055556&declination=41.2688888889&viewAngle=20</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" height="635" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></td></tr>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-size: medium;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">M32 = NGC 221 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">NGC 205 (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> NGC 185 (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">e NGC 147 (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">MGC 221 = M32</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a><br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /><br /><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-k-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #073763;"><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a><br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big><br />Recorded (964) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span></span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b>M32 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</b></big><br />Discovered (1749) by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> (Recorded by <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="text-decoration: none;">Messier</a> in 1764)<br />An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in <a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)<br />A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)<br />Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" height="750" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></h1>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span><br />
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 7662 - Andromeda - Nebulosa Planetária<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h25m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo Nebulosa Planetária NP Dimensão 0,3 Magnitude 16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude da Estrela associada 12 Distância em anos-luz 4,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 17”x14” </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma nebulosa planetária que parece uma estrela esfumaçada através telescópios pequenos. Com instrumentos mais potentes, podem ser vistos um anel brilhante e uma estrela central. Situa-se bem próxima à estrela Iota Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 7662</b>, also known as the <b>Blue Snowball Nebula</b> or <b>Snowball Nebula</b>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Planetary nebula">planetary nebula</a> located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The distance to this nebula is not known with any real accuracy. According to the Skalnate Pleso Catalogue (1951) the distance of NGC 7662 is about 1,800 light years, the actual diameter about 20,000 AU. In a more recent survey of the brighter planetaries, C.R.O'Dell (1963) derived a distance of 1,740 parsecs or about 5,600 light years, increasing the actual size to 0.8 light year, or nearly 50,000 AU. It has a faint central star that is variable, with a magnitude range of 12 to 16.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> The central star is a bluish dwarf with a continuous spectrum and a computed temperature of about 75,000K. The nuclei of the planetary nebulae are among the hottest stars known.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 7662 is a popular planetary nebula for casual observers. A small telescope will reveal a star-like object with slight nebulosity. A 6" telescope with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnification">magnification</a> around 100x will reveal a slightly bluish disk, while telescopes with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mirror" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Primary mirror">primary mirror</a> at least 16" in diameter may reveal slight color and brightness variations in the interior.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ngc7662hst.jpg/530px-Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg</span></a><br />
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<table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Source</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Howard Bond (ST ScI) and NASA/ESA</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 891 - Galáxia<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 891 Tipo Sb Galáxia Espiral Barrada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Ascensão Reta 02h22m6 Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.21 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 14.0x3.0 </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Um exemplo de galáxia espiral vista de lado, com uma banda proeminente de matéria interestelar ao longo do plano principal galáctico. Distante cerca de 43 milhões de anos-luz. Situa-se próxima à estrela Alamak ou Almach.</span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 891</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_espiral" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia espiral">galáxia espiral</a> localizada a cerca de trinta milhões de <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 9,197 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente cento e vinte mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a>, uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 10,1, uma declinação de +42º 21' 03" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 02 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 22 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 33,5 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 891 foi descoberta em Agosto de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1783">1783</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> e é muito estudada devido às suas semelhanças com a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via-L%C3%A1ctea" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Via-Láctea">Via-Láctea</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" height="640" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> Torsten Boeker, Space Telescope Science Institute (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">) , and </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 752 - Aglomerado Aberto - Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 01h56m Declinação +37<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude fotográfica global 6,6 Distância kpc 0,38<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diâmetro 45’ Tipo Espectral A5<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752</span></a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><b style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">NGC 752</b><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> é um </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_aberto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado aberto">aglomerado aberto</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> na direção da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">constelação de Andromeda</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. O objeto foi descoberto pelo astrônomo </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Hodierna" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Giovanni Hodierna">Giovanni Hodierna</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> em 1654, usando um </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> refrator com abertura de 0 polegadas. Devido a sua moderada </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (+5,7), é visível apenas com </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">amadores ou com equipamentos superiores.</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /><b>Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arp 273</span></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>is a group of interacting </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, lying 300 million<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_years" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Light years"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">light years</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>away in the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">constellation Andromeda</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. It was first described in the</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, compiled by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halton_Arp" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Halton Arp"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Halton Arp</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>in 1966.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1810&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1810 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1810</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, is about five times heavier.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;">It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1813&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1813 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1813</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: A "Rose" Made of Galaxies Highlights Hubble's 21st Anniversary</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: start;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The newly released Hubble image shows a large spiral galaxy, known as UGC 1810, with a disk that is distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. A swath of blue jewel-like points across the top is the combined light from clusters of intensely bright and hot young blue stars. These massive stars glow fiercely in ultraviolet light.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The smaller, nearly edge-on companion shows distinct signs of intense star formation at its nucleus, perhaps triggered by the encounter with the companion galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arp 273 lies in the constellation Andromeda and is roughly 300 million light-years away from Earth. The image shows a tenuous tidal bridge of material between the two galaxies that are separated from each other by tens of thousands of light-years.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Names</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UGC 1810, PGC 8961, MCG +06-06-023, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" style="text-decoration: none;">ARP 273</a>, VV 323a</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right Ascension (2000.0)</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02:21:28.7</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Declination</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+39:22:32</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Constellation</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda</span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video: Arp 273 </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">Zoom Sequence (Narrated)</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Video Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and Z. Levay, G. Bacon, and M. Estacion (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Image Credit:</span> A. Fujii; A. Block (Mount Lemmon SkyCenter, University of Arizona); Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), <a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>, Palomar/Caltech; and the <a href="http://heritage.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">Hubble Heritage</a> Team (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way </span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-b-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-m-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-e-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><b>O GRUPO LOCAL</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #073763;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span></span></div>
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<span dir="auto"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></h1>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</a><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #aaaa88; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><br />
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer<br />Designation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" width="300"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Name <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Size <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Principal Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Multiple Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">NGC Objects in Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">IC Objects Data - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Abell Galaxy Clusters - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp" style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="background-color: white; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" height="512" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><span style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-54480453981831079342013-11-08T07:42:00.001-08:002013-11-08T07:42:12.312-08:00Breve Roteiro de Viagem Celeste - Observação das estrelas à vista desarmada<br /><div class="post-header" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1em;">
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo </span><span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...; </span><span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center;"><br /></span><span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></span><div class="main-outer" style="min-height: 0px; position: relative;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeLtRXsLp-5KMM7sboX3DEmFWqEXHeO_uTSqDSOVwuTPhvUZY_YobjchcSRdA073DQWWk5d0G-Q5d6O33ap5YdaC6K36A-w_neNMg69b0p-IQXhB7a295HuUEHWXZ5Qr-7cpbbLokh5ah/s1600/png.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeLtRXsLp-5KMM7sboX3DEmFWqEXHeO_uTSqDSOVwuTPhvUZY_YobjchcSRdA073DQWWk5d0G-Q5d6O33ap5YdaC6K36A-w_neNMg69b0p-IQXhB7a295HuUEHWXZ5Qr-7cpbbLokh5ah/s640/png.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Um Passeio pelo Céu Noturno </span></b><br /><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">do Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></i></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Breve Roteiro de Viagem Celeste</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">para os tempos do Outono, Inverno, Primavera e Verão</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no Sítio das Estrelas</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dois Dedos Iniciais de Prosa sobre o Céu no Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando eu pensei em me afastar da cidade grande, do Rio de Janeiro, meu desejo era o de morar sob as estrelas, num lugar aonde eu pudesse sempre estar comungando com suas luzes e com suas (quase) eternidades... E logo ao chegar ao pedaço de terra que me apareceu para ser por mim adquirido, o nome <i>Sítio das Estrelas</i> me veio de imediato à mente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Sítio das Estrelas é um lugar bastante apropriado para se olhar o céu estrelado. A bem da verdade, já foi melhor... Quando aqui cheguei, em 1998, a provinciana cidadezinha docemente chamada de Mar de Hespanha ainda abrigava uma população pequena. Com o tempo, a cidade foi crescendo e casas foram sendo construídas para abrigar as novas famílias, os bairros surgiram e a iluminação feérica também! Sendo assim, no Sítio das Estrelas, nosso norte não é nada bom pela presença da cidade próxima e também nosso noroeste, da mesma forma, porque ali podemos ver a iluminação crescente advinda da cidade de Juiz de Fora, distante a cerca de 60 quilômetros! Portanto, norte e noroeste acabam ficando comprometidos com a poluição luminosa... mas, mesmo assim, sempre podemos observar grandes espetáculos. No entanto, nosso leste e nosso sul e o zênite são bem mais interessantes, sem dúvida alguma... por enquanto... </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Aqui podemos ver a olho nú as duas Nuvens de Magalhães, a Cabeleira de Berenice, A Colmeia de Abelhas (M-44) ou Presépio, a Caixinha de Jóias, A Espada do Órion (M-42).... Também podemos acompanhar alguns serpenteados nos céus: o rio Eridanus começando bem ao sul e terminando aos pés do Gigante e Caçador Órion; a Hydra com sua cabeça triangular começando bem próxima ao Presépio e caminhando delicadamente, delineando, algumas constelações como a Taça, o Corvo, a Virgem, indo se esconder na Balança; a Cabeça da Serpente guardando as maravilhosas estrelas da Corona Borealis; a preciosidade e delicadeza das estrelinhas que compõem a Corona Australis; a Cabeleira de Berenice, quase um enxame de estrelas extremamente tímidas entre o Leão garboso e o Boieiro... Felicidade indescritível também é podermos nadar junto aos dois Peixes em seu mar celeste após termos quase que surfado nas ondas marolantes das estrelinhas tímidas e em ziguezague do Aquário, o Aguadeiro, advindos do Capricórnio que mais parece uma fraldinha de nenê... Infelizmente não dá para ver Andrômeda, a galáxia, a olho nu porque para os lados do norte e noroeste situa-se a cidade de Mar de Hespanha.... e um tantinho mais adiante, ocupando o noroeste e parte do oeste, situa-se a cidade de Juiz de Fora.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem, caro Caminhante, para o leitor que entende um pouquinho do céu estrelado, os nomes acima mencionados evocam emoção, estremecimento e felicidade: ver tudo isso a olho nú significa que o céu desse lugar é bem escuro e transparente..... Para o leigo, tudo isso significa o tanto que podemos ainda aprender juntos, realizando um verdadeiro Passeio pelo Céu Noturno do Sítio das Estrelas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Confesso ao Caminhante que sinto um imenso prazer em morar num lugar onde posso jantar olhando para algum Planeta caindo no oeste... (no carnaval passado, a Caminhante que aqui esteve, levantou seus olhos do prato e se viu ‘pega’ por uma luz intensa, no oeste..., e me perguntou: “que luz é aquela?” Eu respondi: “é Júpiter!”); posso acordar sob o albedo de Vênus ou de Júpiter resvalando por sobre minha cama; posso dormir sob a mira dos raios luminosos da Lua Cheia ou de outras Luas mais tímidas; posso, sempre que quero, sair para o gramado para saudar as estrelas, os planetas, me deixar surpreender por um risco cruzando os céus, uma estrela cadente... e fazer um pedido...; posso suspirar ao apontar para Omega Centauri com meus simples binóculos e então, em noites <i>verdadeiramente escuras</i> e transparentes, <i>tentar</i> divisar este belíssimo objeto, com a visão enviesada...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu diria, caro Caminhante, que me encanta o céu estrelado e é por isso que vim viver no Sítio das Estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Grande parte de minha vida noturna é dedicada a me deixar ser coberta pelo manto estrelado da nossa Via Láctea... e observar as luzes piscantes das estrelas observadas a olho nú – algumas vezes bem sumidas, fugidias (como aquelas da Cabeleira de Berenice, Aquário, Presépio, Hidra, Rio Eridano, por exemplo); a lâmpada acesa dos Planetas movendo-se para frente e para trás contra o pano de fundo das constelações, o caminho que a Lua, doce e mutável Lua vai traçando noite após noite, dia após dia; os chumaços de algodão que vão percorrendo os céus nos revelando a Galáxia onde vivemos e seu revirão na cauda do Escorpião..., bem como outras galáxias... agrupamentos, nebulosas...; um rasgo de luz de um meteoro cruzando o céu.... - todos marchando através da abóbada celeste, revelando seus segredos e sua beleza!</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO OUTONO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o outono chega, aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, as chuvas do verão vão escasseando de tal forma até se tornarem apenas uma lembrança... As noites voltam a mostrar suas estrelas em céu sem nuvens e o ar bem mais seco permite que suas luzes fiquem bem mais brilhantes e piscantes contra o pano de fundo da escuridão da abóbada celeste. Por que não aproveitarmos esses tempos de início seca do outono para observarmos o céu noturno, em belo passeio?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao começar nosso <i>tour</i> celeste, nestes dias de março, podemos ainda bem observar o adeus dos mares aonde a Baleia Cetus e os Peixes nadam vigorosamente... Também já nos despedimos do grande quadrado do cavalo alado Pégasus colado à constelação de Andrômeda e entre ambos, a luz fugidia e a olho nú bem enviesado da Galáxia com o nome da donzela que se apresenta maravilhosamente a nossos olhos revestidos com um simples par de binóculos e melhor ainda, através das lentes do telescópio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vale a pena observarmos um dos dois círculos formados pelas estrelas dos Peixes quase ao centro do grande quadrado formado pela constelação de Pegasus, imensa constelação, realmente. É bem neste ponto que encontra-se o Ponto Vernal, o equinócio da primavera.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando em linha quase reta para o sul, poderemos ainda ver a Pequena Nuvem já quase caindo no oeste enquanto a Grande Nuvem de Magalhães ainda a acompanha de longe, permanecendo um pouco mais de tempo nos céus. Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu, as chamava de as Mulas do Presépio! Pobre Fernão de Magalhães que nos perdoe!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o céu escurece por todo, já também o Carneiro, Áries, se coloca em posição de caída no horizonte oeste, levando consigo, mais ao norte, o herói Perseus que caminha juntamente com aquelas que nos chamam a atenção e nos trazem seus suspiros: as Plêiades que sempre me parecem um tercinho, um rosário.... por que não contá-las? Quatro, cinco, seis, sete.... doze....?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Estamos entrando, então, nos campos aonde o Touro pasta... e encontramos Aldebarã, o Olho do Touro, sua alfa - como é avermelhada, esta gigante.... será que algum dia poderemos vê-la explodindo em supernova? E as Hyades, não parecem uma arvorezinha de natal? Visto do sul, o Touro fica de cabeça para baixo...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Já quase caindo no oeste e bem mais ao sul de Cetus, ainda nos atrai a beleza de Achernar, o começo (ou o fim) do Rio Eridanus. O Eridanus corre sinuoso e tímido através dos céus até se encontrar com Rigel, o pé do Gigante Órion. Esse Rio tão belo pode apenas ser observado em céus escuros e transparentes, longe das luzes urbanas... assim como no Sítio das Estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Órion é reconhecidamente uma das mais belas constelação do céu estrelado. Seu Cinturão, as chamadas Três Marias (Alnilan, Mintaka e Alnitak), carregam a linha do equador celeste, ou seja, ao vermos o Gigante, podemos distinguir aquilo que pertence mais ao norte e aquilo que pertence mais ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesse momento de preciosa escuridão, por que não divisarmos todos os detalhes da figura do Gigante poderoso dos céus? Adoro ver seu Escudo, desafiadoramente enfrentando o Olho do Touro, Aldebarã. Sua cabeça é simples porém seus ombros trazem duas preciosidades: Belatrix e Betelgeuse. Porém, o melhor de Órion pode ser divisado a olho nú, apreciado através de binóculos e transformando o sonho em realidade através de bons telescópios: M42, seu berço de estrelas, parte da Espada do Gigante Caçador dos céus. Rigel é a estrela-beta desta constelação e é a seus pés que o Rio Eridanus começa a acontecer, já tendo sido anunciado anteriormente (pois caminha de volta ao leste) por sua Foz realizada pela estrela-alfa Achernar</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos nos esquecer que os Cães seguem o Gigante Órion em suas caçadas: O Cão Maior e o Cão Menor. Sírius, a mais bela e mais brilhante do céu, é sem dúvida, sempre esperada com ansiedade. Ainda no Cão Maior, binóculos podem ajudar no achado de chumaços simpáticos de estrelas, algumas que pertencem ao Cão Maior e outras que já fazem parte da Popa do Navio. Procyon, alfa do Cão Menor, vem sempre quase junto a Sírius, porém um tantinho atrás, como se fosse uma dama de companhia e já fazendo parte da côrte dos irmãos gêmeos Castor e Pollux.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela pisca bem ao norte... quem será? É Capela, alfa do Cocheiro! Realmente, esta estrela sempre nos chama a atenção pois que se encontra num lugar do céu do norte pouco habitado por grandes luzes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se bem percebermos, Já desde Perseus, passando pelo Cocheiro, caminhando entre o Touro e os pés dos Gêmeos e inundando o Cão Maior com seu brilho esfumaçado, realçando Sírius e navegando o Navio capitaneado por Canopus adentro (o Navio foi desmembrado em Popa, Vela, Carina)... e mergulhando no Cruzeiro do Sul (que volta a nos encantar com sua presença no céu do outono), enfim, marcando sua presença inefavelmente e inegavelmente, eis que vemos a Via Láctea com sua mancha esbranquiçada, algodão divino, leite derramado por tantas e tantas estrelas.... Em céus escuros como aqui no Sítio das Estrelas, bem podemos divisar o Saco de Carvão e outras manchas escuras na via esbranquiçada ao longo do Cruzeiro e redondezas e também enxames de algodão brilhante - como a Caixinha de Jóias, por exemplo. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E, ajudados por um bom par de binóculos, podemos nos deixar deslumbrar com a visão de Omega Centauri, um chumaço de estrelas conjugadas e formando um brilhante grande círculo! Falando em Centauro, por que não apreciarmos suas estrelas ponteadoras de seus pés, Alfa e Beta Centauri - sendo que a primeira nos apresenta o lugar onde se encontra Próxima Centauri, assim nomeada por ser a estrela mais próxima de nós, terráqueos, de nosso sistema solar. A bem da verdade, Alfa Centauri - também conhecida como Bungula ou Rigelkent - é um sistema triplo acolhendo a estrela mais perto de nós..</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Também outros belíssimos tesouros podem ser vistos entre o Cão Maior e o Cruzeiro do Sul (muitos deles na Popa do Navio), chumaços de estrelas formando belíssimos aglomerados que podem ser divisados a olho nú em lugares de céu bem escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em abril, o tempo se afirma em sua secura e quando a noite cai, podemos sempre observar os dois Gêmeos celestes, Castor e Pólux caminhando, literalmente pisando sobre a Via Láctea. É bem nos Gêmeos, na altura do ombro de Pólux, que se encontra o ponto do solstício de junho, trazendo o inverno para o sul e o verão para o norte, o ponto aonde a Terra se encontra mais distante em seu <i>tour</i> ao redor do Sol. As estrelinhas de Castor e Pólux podem ser estudadas bem esmiuçadamente porque aparecem bem distintamente em céus da roça escura, sem luz elétrica. (Confesso a você, Caminhante dos Céus, que o Sol transitava pelas pernas dos Gêmeos quando eu nasci!).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A ausência de luz elétrica e de poluição da atmosfera nesses tempos de abril e maio e junho, nos deixam entrever a constelação tímida de Câncer, o Caranguejo. Aqui no Sítio das Estrelas certamente podemos ver (e ver bem) M-44, o Presépio, ou a Colmeia de Abelhas, um verdadeiro berço de estrelas-crianças que viajam juntas e formam para nossos olhos uma lua cheia de luzes fugazes. É interessantes sabermos que o Caminho da Eclíptica passa pelo Presépio e é sempre uma grande honra podermos observar Planetas - ou mesmo a Lua crescendo ou minguando, sem muita luminosidade, é claro - sendo aconchegados pela grande lua cheia de estrelinhas tímidas que compõem o berço do Presépio!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Junto ao Caranguejo, em direção ao sul, podemos ver a Cabeça da Hydra e seu corpo sinuoso de estrelas pouco cintilantes rastejando pelos céus, enredilhando-se na Taça, no Corvo, na Virgem, finalizando, aparentemente, nas duas estrelas ponteadoras da Balança... Alfard, a alfa e o Coração da Hydra, bate avermelhadamente na noite escura e silenciosa.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Estamos agora nos dirigindo para nosso encontro com o garboso Leão, com suas estrelas alpha e beta, Regulus e Denébola, uma das patas dianteiras e a cauda do vigoroso felino. Mais ao norte do Leão, podemos com certeza, nos deliciar com grande parte do corpo da Ursa Maior, constelação norteante que aponta também para a Ursa Menor, que traz em sua cauda, a Estrela Polar (longe de nossos olhos do sul).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem ao sul, o Cruzeiro chega mais cedo a cada noite, sendo devidamente anunciado pelas duas estrelas que formam os pés do Centauro. A estrela alpha do Centauro, Rigel Kent, é um conjunto de três estrelas sendo que uma delas é a chamada Próxima Centauro... e por que? Porque é a estrela mais próxima de nós, de nosso Sistema Solar!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aproveite as noites de maio para melhor observar as estrelas do sul ainda mais ao sul do que o Cruzeiro. A Mosca é perfeitamente divisada assim como o Triângulo Austral. Por que não procurarmos pelo ponto do sul verdadeiro, o pólo sul? Não é difícil de chegarmos ao polo sul quando estamos sob um céu escuro e transparente porque as constelações que o rodeiam, mesmo que compostas de tímidas estrelas, podem ser bem delineadas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É realmente interessante observarmos o fato de que todo o céu mais ao sul tende a ir se concentrando, concentrando, como se estivesse passando por um funil.... Assim, as constelações e suas estrelas mais ao sul parecem deslizar ao longo da abóbada celeste como se fizessem uma elipse alongada, começando no sudeste, passando pelo zênite voltado para o sul e finalizando no sudoeste. Constelações como o Escorpião e o Corvo, por exemplo, apresentam seu rastejar e seu vôo, respectivamente, inteiramente contidos dentro dessa elipse alongada. O Navio também parece navegar nos mares celestes realizando esse trajeto, porém de maneira bem mais aproximada ao pólo sul, realmente. Podemos pensar, como num exemplo, o sul como uma vasilha em seu ponto de encontro com a mesa, em sua base, e a abertura da vasilha, seu vazio, como representativo do norte (será que me expliquei bem?)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Ah, eu gostaria de poder um dia ir a algum ponto bem ao sul do Planeta para poder observar o Cruzeiro do Sul e o Navio, por exemplo, durante toda a noite, assim como se dançassem uma roda de cantigas celestes! Ah, eu gostaria de um dia poder ir a algum ponto bem ao norte do Planeta para poder observar o Navio navegando alhures, distante, e espraiando-se pelo oceano sem fim!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tenho sempre um imenso prazer quando o Corvo começa a fazer seu vôo pelos céus, cruzando o leste mais o sul, fazendo quase uma meia-girada simbolizando um real vôo, até desaparecer no horizonte oeste, ao longo de sua passagem de alguns meses no ano.... Já desde final de março, início de abril, que podemos ver este pássaro nos céus, radioso, voando, voando, deslizando com seu vôo suave pela abóbada dos céus do sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No entanto, não podemos nos esquecer que o Leão também já vem rugindo desde há bastante tempo nos céus... Visto do sul, o Leão está de cabeça para baixo porém sempre nos deixando entrever sua juba, seu pé Régulus, seu corpo iluminado por estrelas simpáticas e finalmente, sua cauda vibrante, Denébola. O Caminho da Eclíptica passa por Regulus e então é muito comum que possamos observar esta estrela sendo conjugada com a Lua ou com algum Planeta!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A noite vai andando, maio vai seguindo seu rumo e o céu também vai andando, como num carrossel iluminado.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais ao norte do Leão, podemos ver o Leão Menor e umas poucas estrelinhas dos pés da Ursa Maior.... Mais ao sul, o chumaço de algodão, o leite derramado das estrelas da Via Láctea, continua invadindo o sul, sempre brilhante, enquanto que ao norte, vai desaparecendo sua luz tímida como um sonho desvanecedor... Noite adentrada, essa Via Láctea e luminosa nos traz o Escorpião, surgindo vagarosamente no leste mais ao sul, trazendo em sua cauda o revirão da Galáxia, o ponto de mutação, onde a cobra morde a cauda....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, ainda no céu do começo da noite do meses de maio e junho e acompanhando o vôo do Corvo bem de perto, a Virgem chega radiosa com sua alfa, a estrela Spica. O Caminho da Eclíptica passa por Spica e é bem comum podermos observar a Lua ou algum Planeta conjugando-se à esta estrela.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Um dedinho antes da constelação da Virgem, encontra-se o ponto de interseção das linhas da eclíptica e do equador, o equinócio. Virgem traz consigo a Balança, com suas duas estrelas perfazendo os dois pratos: Zubenelgenubi e Zubenelschamalli (que antigamente eram consideradas as Garras do animalzinho rastejante dos céus e, sem dúvida alguma, isso faz o maior sentido). O Caminho da Eclíptica passa pelas estrelas ponteadoras da Balança e, da mesma forma, passa bem próxima à Antares, a estrela alfa do Escorpião. Depois de passar próxima à Antares, o Caminho da Eclíptica adentra a 13<sup>a</sup>. constelação do Zodíaco, Ophiúco, aquele que segura a Serpente que pode ser delineada em sua cauda e também em sua cabeça (esta última terminando aos pés da Coroa Boreal, como se quisesse guardá-la.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando mais ao norte, podemos nos deliciar com a presença de Arcturus, no Boieiro. Em locais de céu escuro – assim como no Sítio das Estrelas -, podemos divisar as tímidas estrelinhas que formam as mechas da Cabeleira de Berenice, constelação quase apagada, entre o Leão e o Boieiro. Ver a olho nú as mechas dos cabelos da bela egípcia é um real privilégio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em junho, quando cai a noite, já temos a figura maravilhante do Escorpião toda desenhada entre o algodão doce da Via Láctea... Como já dissemos, o Escorpião é antecedido por suas duas garras, as estrelas alpha e beta da Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A cabeça deste animalzinho rastejante sobre a Via Láctea é realmente incrível, levando até seu coração batendo avermelhadamente, Antares, a rival de Ars, Marte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É realmente belo o desenho que as estrelas do Escorpião vão nos mostrando... várias estrelas duplas que disputam a acuracidade de nossa visão... (me lembro de meu primeiro namorado me dizendo que éramos tão próximos um do outro quanto aquelas duas estrelas que formam uma das curvas do Escorpião.... palavras ao vento.... não o vejo há mais de 45 anos...). A cauda do Escorpião é realmente assustadora com a presença fulminante de Schaula... finalizando com alguns objetos maravilhosos, M-7, M-8, M-6, chumaços de algodão, bom de olhar a olho nú, melhor ainda de binóculos e telescópio.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesta região do céu entre o Escorpião e o Sagitário, naquela direção e além daquela poeira de estrelas, encontra-se o chamado Centro de nossa Galáxia, a Via Láctea. E como tudo no universo realiza um movimento de rotação em torno de si mesmo e em torno de algum outro objeto magnetizador, também nossa Via-Láctea realiza esse movimento.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos deixar de mencionar a imperdível visão da Coroa Austral sendo enlaçada pelo Sagitário! A Coroa Austral é de uma delicadeza ímpar, realmente. Se mantivermos quase a mesma direção do céu, estaremos encontrando, bem mais ao norte, a Coroa Boreal, tão bela quanto a outra Coroa e encontrando-se bem situada entre estrelas de primeiríssima grandeza como Arcturus, a alfa do Boieiro, e Vega, a alfa da Lira e próxima ao herói Hercules.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com o andar da noite e das estrelas, outras constelações vão se aprontando, por assim dizer, para entrarem no palco da vida...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não será tempo de irmos dormir?! Ah, eu diria para você passar uma noite em claro apenas para observar a girada da Via Láctea enquanto o céu vai caminhando todo de leste para oeste, carregando suas estrelas, planetas, constelações.... A visão do girar da Via Láctea é algo que nos deixa sem palavras....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se você tiver a oportunidade de estar num lugar onde o céu seja escuro e transparente, poderá observar a imensa pavimentação de algodão de estrelas - a Via-Láctea - aparentemente centralizando-se no Escorpião e cobrindo o céu estrelado em direção ao norte, passando por Sagitário, pela Águia até alcançar o Cisne..., e em direção ao sul encontrando-se com nosso Cruzeiro do Sul, com o Navio, com o Cão Maior seguido do Gigante Órion e aparentemente concluindo-se no Cocheiro.... Deste ponto bem ao sul e se você estiver em Latitude bem mais ao norte do Planeta, poderá ainda comungar com a pavimentação de algodão de estrelas fazendo parte do Mito de Andromeda, a donzela acorrentada, enredilhando Perseus, seu herói salvador, Cassiopéia, sua malvada madrasta, e seu pai, o Rei Cepheus - todas constelações bem ao norte - e, finalmente a Via Lactea realiza seu encontro com o Cisne.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Obviamente que aquilo que vemos e acompanhamos como o Revirão da Via Láctea durante a passagem noturna do Escorpião aliado ao Sagitário é um movimento aparente – pois que, na realidade, esse aparente movimento se dá em função do movimento de rotação da nossa Terra, nosso tão querido Planeta.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Revirão da Via Láctea é um espetáculo imperdível e inesquecível e que nos traz uma realidade da mecânica celeste que vai além à realidade que vemos do caminhar das constelações e suas estrelas, todas advindas do horizonte leste, galgando as alturas dos céus e concluindo seu passear no horizonte oeste - com as constelações e estrelas mais ao sul realizando seu caminhar em elipse do sudeste ao sudoeste e com as constelações e estrelas mais ao norte realizando seu caminhar de maneira mais espraiada, digamos assim. A realidade do Revirão da Via Láctea parece varrer os céus, como se essa varrição viesse do sul em direção ao norte ou vice-versa..., como se fosse uma hélice, algo assim, cobrindo todas as direções, ao longo da noite e ao longo do caminhar do Escorpião, fundamentalmente. A realidade do Revirão da Via Láctea, quando o percebemos realmente - em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes e que nos apresentem o chumaço de algodão do caminho desta Via iluminada em bom estilo! -, nos faz tremer não somente de emoção como também em nosso labirinto interior, é quase como se perdêssemos o chão, ficamos zonzos, tontos, quase caímos, quase perdemos o equilíbrio. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os braços da Via Láctea, centralizados no corpo do Escorpião, vão varrendo o céu vindo do sudeste, caminhando para o leste, passando pelo noroeste, pelo norte, pelo noroeste, pelo oeste... e ainda pelo sudoeste, pelo sul, novamente pelo sudeste, noite após noite. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Inverno, se você estiver desejoso de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO INVERNO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, o inverno traz tempo frio, chás, cafés, casacos, gorros, meias, cobertores.... e muita vontade de olhar as estrelas porque ainda o céu está seco (antes das queimadas se aventurarem a maltratar as matas, normalmente a partir do final de julho e cobrindo os meses de agosto e setembro... até que as benditas chuvas retornem, mais para o outubro).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Certamente, é ainda o Escorpião e o ponto que leva à centralidade da Via Láctea que nos chama a atenção.... Portanto, eu aconselharia você, Caminhante dos Céus, a retornar o ponto anterior onde eu tentei descrever o Revirão da Via Láctea.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, com o contínuo andamento do céu (a cada noite, tudo chega mais cedo 4 minutos), podemos agora ver bem o Sagitário, quando a noite cai. É sempre interessante observarmos o fato de que esta constelação também é denominada de Bule de Chá..., porque se parece mesmo com um! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No ponto entre o Escorpião e o Sagitário, em lugares de céu escuro como o Sítio das Estrelas e em noites secas e transparentes, podemos ver que a Via Láctea vai recebendo vários buracos imensos de puro negrume.... verdadeiras belezas de luz e vazio para serem fotografadas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Via de Chumaço de Algodão, a Via Láctea, encontra a Águia que voa sempre orientada por sua estrela alfa, Altair, e este pássaro acaba sendo avizinhado por constelações pequenas e muitíssimo simpáticas, Sagitta, a Flecha, e o Delfim, por exemplo, que também são enredilhadas pelo caminho leitoso. Ainda em direção mais ao norte, a Via Láctea parece, a meus olhos, encontrar o Cisne que traz sua cauda a estrela alfa, Deneb, e ali se esfumaçar mais e mais, rumo norte mais aprofundado e distanciado de meus olhos. A Via Láctea estará iluminando os caminhos de constelação bem ao norte, como Cepheus, Cassiopéia, Perseus (e passando próxima à Andromeda e ao Cavalo Pegasus) e novamente retornando aos nossos olhos do sul através o Cocheiro, com sua belíssima estrela-alfa Capella, e então retomando a conversa com os Gêmeos Castor e Pollux, acompanhando o Gigante Òrion conduzindo seus dois Cães e já nos enleando a visão com a bela Sirius acompanhada da tímida Procium... até que o clarão dos raios avermelhados do Sol começam a inundar o horizonte leste....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Via Láctea pode bem ser vista até Deneb, aqui no Sítio das Estrelas... Quando a noite cai, o revirão dessa Via parece ter chegado à sua conclusão.... porém ainda podemos acompanhá-lo varrendo a noite, quase com puxando as estrelas que chegam no leste e empurrando as estrelas do meio do céu para caírem no horizonte oeste.... Os braços da Via Láctea, centralizados no corpo do Escorpião, vão varrendo o céu vindo do sudeste, caminhando para o leste, passando pelo noroeste, pelo norte, pelo noroeste, pelo oeste... e ainda pelo sudoeste, pelo sul, novamente pelo sudeste, noite após noite. É um girar intenso, como se fosse um dançarino sufi, girando e girando e girando e nos trazendo o êxtase.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul aparece bem alto, o mais alto que consegue chegar, acompanhando a caída do Navio no horizonte oeste e trazendo maior brilho às presenças do Escorpião, do Sagitário.... e certamente, da Via Láctea que continua fazendo seu revirão noite a dentro. Não se esqueça, Caminhante, de bem observar os Sacos de Carvão e dos conjuntos brilhantes de estrelas juntinhas que vão se formando após o Cruzeiro e indo em direção ao Navio que navega bem mais distanciado, em mares longínquos, buscando por outras paragens e retornando apenas na madrugada anunciadora das estrelas e suas constelações que vão surgir no leste.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arcturus também continua encantando nossa visão.... e para aqueles que possuem um norte escuro e de horizonte baixo, a Ursa Maior se insinua querendo também trazer consigo o Dragão (desaparecido nesta latitude).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, os céus do norte estão felizes com a presença da Coroa Boreal, que parece um colar que todas as mulheres gostariam de usar! Porém, cautela! Esse valoroso colar é guardado por Hércules que ainda mal se articula em sua figura engraçada surgindo no horizonte leste mais ao norte... E também guardado pela cabeça da cobra que o Ofiúco segura.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando agosto entra trazendo suas queimadas e já uma certa poluição tirando a escuridão plena e a transparência cristalina dos céus da roça, com sorte, ainda podemos nos deliciar com as travessuras do desajeitado Hércules, agora mais alto no céu do norte, acompanhado, em lugares de horizonte bem baixo, pelo Dragão que guarda as estrelas que rodeiam o polo norte, longe de nossa visão.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Digo que o Hércules é todo desajeitado porque é assim que o vejo. Lembro-me bem da primeira vez que o delineei, eu até ri, mesmo!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cada vez mais o Cruzeiro do Sul cai em direção ao horizonte oeste mais ao sul ao mesmo tempo que também o Escorpião vai alcançando o meio do céu seguido do Sagitário, com seu Bule de Chá, que dá lugar ao Capricórnio que começa a querer se levantar no horizonte leste, ainda ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nesse tempo do inverno já bem andado, eu adoro ver minha estrela preferida, Vega, tocando sua Lyra e surgindo atrás dos morros do leste mais ao norte.... Sempre que eu me vejo diante da Lyra segurada por Vega,sua alfa, eu me flagro suspirando, inteiramente enleada, como se pudesse escutar o doce som das cordas desta constelação! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bem da verdade, o céu do inverno nos presenteia com um triângulo de estrelas muito interessantes: Altair, alfa da Águia, Vega, alfa da Lyra, e Deneb, alfa do Cisne. São estrelas belíssimas que fazem parte de belíssimas constelações! </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cisne é de uma perfeição incrível em seu vôo, parece estar sempre alçando vôo, abrindo suas asas imensas, buscando as alturas, sempre.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Águia sempre surge apresentando três estrelas - uma delas, Altair, sua alfa - que caminham sempre juntas e que podem ser vistas após a conclusão de todo o corpo do Capricórnio, com seu aspecto de fraldinha tecida por estrelas suaves que delineiam a figura desta constelação.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É bom também observarmos, ainda entre o Sagitário e seu Bule de Chá e o Capricórnio, um pequeno grupo de estrelas que sugere uma pequena cruz, um tímido diamante, algo assim, verdadeira maravilha para ser visto em lugares de céus bem escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu aconselharia o Caminhante dos Céus aguardar a chegada do Capricórnio e da Águia para então olhar mais ao norte e se encantar com a Lira... e um tantinho mais tarde ainda, suspirar com o Cisne voando amplamente nos céus estrelados. E, olhando mais ao sul, observarmos o vôo do Grou balizado por sua estrela-alfa, Al Nair.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A partir de então, podemos olhar para os lados do sul e observarmos a chegada do Peixe Austral com sua estrela-alfa, Fomalhaut. Estamos bem já sendo colhidos pelas ondas marolantes e em verdadeiro zigue-zague formadas pelo Aguadeiro, Aquário! A meu ver, esta constelação é um dos eventos mais interessantes a ser observado nos céus estrelados e isso somente pode acontecer em lugares de céus realmente escuros e transparentes!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bem ao sul, podemos observar pássaros voando, Fênix e Tucano. No entanto, a estrela que realmente nos chama a atenção é Achernar, a alfa do Rio Erídano, sua Foz, e este Rio vai correndo sinuosamente e através suas tímidas estrelas até encontrar os pés do Gigante Órion, em Rigel, sua estrela-beta, já em terra firme. É interessante repararmos o fato de que o Rio Erídano caminha em direção ao leste e neste momento de inverno, podemos acompanhar seu desaguar junto ao Gigante caçador do Escorpião porque a constelação de Órion ainda pode ser vista em todo seu esplendor de estrelas ao final da noite, quando o galo desentrelaça suas asas e começa a cantar anunciando um novo dia que não tarda a chegar! (Aqui no Sítio das Estrelas meu simpático galo nos acorda com seu canto por volta das quatro horas da matina!).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nos céus do norte, é interessante observarmos que as estrelinhas marolantes do Aguadeiro parecem querer se entrelaçar com as estrelas também tímidas dos Peixes. Nesse momento estamos diante de um mito realmente encantador que apresenta no céu estrelado do norte todos os componentes de sua estória, começando pelo Cavalo Pegasus em seu grande quadrado sendo seguido por Andromeda, a donzela acorrentada numa ilha por sua madrasta Cassiopéia esposa de Cepheus. Andromeda será salva pelo herói Perseus. A Via Láctea ilumina com seu leite as constelações do pai, da madrasta e do herói salvador, todas bem ao norte e não muito facilmente identificáveis aqui, no Sítio das Estrelas (porque para estes lados fica a cidadezinha de Mar de Hespanha e sua iluminação pouco generosa com o céu estrelado).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... ‘Stamos em pleno mar... - como diria o poeta português, Camões. Ao sul dos Peixes nos deparamos com a imensidade da constelação de Cetus, a Baleia que quer devorar a bela donzela acorrentada, Andromeda. Este é um mar interessante pois que também apresenta a Foz do Rio Erídano e todo seu correr sinuoso, desde o sul até o sudeste, para encontrar os pés do Gigante Órion, já em terra firme. No entanto, este mar interessante nos apresenta, bem ao fundo (do ponto de vista de quem está bem ao norte, certamente) a estrela maravihosa e alfa do Navio, seu capitão Canopus! Sempre que virmos Canopus podemos ter a certeza de que Sirius chegará logo depois! E Sirius faz parte da comitiva do Gigante Órion, com seus Cães Maior e Menor, todos já em terra firme.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não podemos deixar de divisar os dois círculos formados pelas cabeças dos dois Peixes. Um destes circulo encontra-se logo ao norte do grande quadrado do Cavalo Pegasus e é bem ali que podemos encontrar o chamado Ponto Vernal, o lugar onde a Eclíptica encontra-se com o Equador Celeste.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olhando para o sul, poderemos ver a Pequena Nuvem seguida pela Grande Nuvem de Magalhães. Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu, as chamava de as Mulas do Presépio de Jesus! Fernão de Magalhães que nos perdoe!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os mares terminam deixando entrar em cena as duas estrelas ponteadoras de Áries, o Carneiro, e depois, surge o campo onde o Touro pasta, sempre antecedido pelas estrelas que choram, as Pleiades, um tercinho de estrelas, verdadeira maravilha sempre a ser visitada por nossos olhos...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Já estamos na madrugada sonolenta quando entra em cena o Gigante Órion acompanhado do Cão Maior e este embelezando os céus com a presença de Sirius, a bela das belas. A Via Láctea já retorna à nossa visão, o Navio vai se mostrando por inteiro, os Gêmeos já se mostram conversantes, como sempre... </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu da Primavera, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DA PRIMAVERA</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul já se despede de nossas noites quando chega outubro. E num movimento de seguimento, o Escorpião também desliza em seu caminho rumo ao sudoeste, carregando consigo o Sagitário, a Coroa Boreal, Hércules...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A côrte do céu, no entanto, está formada pelo triângulo do norte, a maravilhosa Vega tocando sua Lyra, a esplendorosa Altair voando a Águia e a não menos formosa, Deneb, a cauda do belo Cisne.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ainda rodeando Altair, encontramos algumas pequeninas constelações que são verdadeiras preciosidades: Sagitta, a Flecha, o Delfim, Equuleus - constelações compostas por tímidas estrelas que podem ser vistas apenas em locais de céus escuros e transparentes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É bom tempo para estudarmos as estrelas que formam o grande triângulo do Capricórnio e também nos prepararmos para mergulhar dentre as estrelinhas marolantes do Aquário.... já entrevendo a chegada do cavalo alado Pégasus, no horizonte leste mais ao norte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Também já surge no leste, mais ao sul, o pássaro Grou, uma verdadeira beleza voadora nos céus balizado por sua estrela alfa Al Nair, ao mesmo tempo, que já no mar ao sul do Aquário, podemos ver o Peixe Austral com sua bela estrela Fomalhaut.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se o tempo ajudar e se a seca comprometida pelas queimadas não estiver maculando nosso céu, por que não continuarmos a estudar os Peixes? Por que não nos embevecermos com a visão das Nuvens de Magalhães?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com novembro chegam as chuvas... tão ansiadas chuvas - aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais! Benditas águas que caem dos céus, despencadas, quem sabe, pelas águas do Aquário, do Peixe Austral, e também com o aparecimento dos Peixes que nadam juntos com a Baleia Cetus.... Entre o Aquário e os Peixes, existe o ponto da interseção da eclíptica com o equador celeste, o ponto vernal trazendo o equinócio. Este ponto também apresenta-se bem próximo ao grande quadrado de estrelas que formam o Pegasus, o cavalo alado que carrega Perseus em sua intenção de salvar Andromeda, a bela - e é interessante observarmos que também esta Galáxia nossa irmã encontra-se nos arredores do ponto vernal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O cavalo alado Pégasus já salva a heroína acorrentada, Andrômeda, um tanto que antecedidos, em norte bem baixo, por Cepheus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Cruzeiro do Sul bem como o Escorpião se despedem do palco dos céus do anoitecer... Porém, Achernar, a foz do Rio Eridanus novamente surge, brilhante e maviosa, no leste do sul bem sul mesmo!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em dezembro, se as chuvas nos derem alguma trégua, podemos nos deixar maravilhar com a linha sinuosa do caminho que o Rio Eridanus segue... mesmo que ainda não possamos ver o gigante caçador Órion, ao anoitecer, apenas um tanto mais tarde em noite de já quase verão quente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao norte, em horizonte bem baixo, Cassiopéia nos deixa ver algumas de suas estrelinhas. Andrômeda e o cavalo alado Pégasus surgem imponentes no meio do céu. Por que não procurarmos por Andromeda, a Galáxia? Mesmo com um simples par de binóculos, esta visão se faz encantadora: é uma emoção imensa, realmente, observarmos nossa querida irmã... porque mais dia menos dia possivelmente nos uniremos a ela de maneira a nos tornamos irmãs siamesas... No horizonte leste, mais ao norte, entra Áries, o Carneiro, ao lado do Triângulo.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A noite vai seguindo seu curso e novamente podemos nos deixar encantar pela via leitosa, a Via Láctea, fazendo parte dos céus do norte, vindo de Perseus e ladeando as Pleiades (que bom, assim essa preciosidade da constelação do Touro não fica comprometida pelo chumaço de algodão) bem como a cabeça do Touro sempre nos mostrando seu Olho Iluminado, Aldebarã. A Via Láctea abençoa o Cocheiro e sua bela estrela-alfa, Capella, e então segue rumando mais ao sul, encostando no Gigante Órion, sempre garboso e pronto para caçar o Escorpião (que mora do outro lado do céu exatamente para não ser caçado!) e enchendo de luz esfumaçada, esbranquiçada, o Cão Maior que nos brinda com a majestosa presença da mais bela da noite, Sirius, a mais brilhante dos céus e também tão próxima a nós (somente 8 anos-luz de distância).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O mito da donzela acorrentada, Andromeda, começa a desaparecer de nossas vistas, com o horizonte oeste engolindo Cepheu, o Cavalo Alado Pegasus, Andromeda, a Baleia Cetus, Cassiopéia... e, com a entrada em cena de Áries e do Touro, também Perseus começa a se despedir de nós. Aquário e Peixes também saem do palco estelar. O belo Triangulo formado pelos três pássaros, Águia, Cisne e Vultur (outra denominação para a Lira), também podem ser vistos apenas no começo das noites de dezembro, caindo no horizonte oeste logo depois.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao longo da noite, Achernar começa a carregar o sinuoso Rio Erídano consigo, caindo no horizonte oeste, enquanto Canopus vai capitaneando o Navio que vai surgindo cada vez mais belo, mais imponente, silenciosamente singrando as águas celestes. Também o Navio acaba sendo encontrado pela Via Láctea que busca encantar nossa visão acendendo o Cruzeiro do Sul, o Centauro, todos ao sul...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Caminho da Eclíptica já nos deixou ver os Gêmeos conversadores, o Presépio no Caranguejo sendo guardado pela cabeça da Hydra e emocionado por seu coração laranja, Alfard, e esta cobra da água já se mostrou rastejando através a Taça e o Corvo, saudando o Leão, a Virgem, e encontrando a Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Verão, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O CÉU DO VERÃO</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No Sítio das Estrelas</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVAÇÃO DE CONSTELAÇÕES E ESTRELAS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">À VISTA DESARMADA OU ATRAVÉS DE BINÓCULOS</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em janeiro, se as chuvas nos derem uma trégua – pelo menos durante o anoitecer... aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais – podemos nos deitar no deck em frente ao grande lago do Sítio das Estrelas e nos deixar levar pelas estrelas e suas histórias celestes....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Todo o mito de Andrômeda salva por Perseus cavalgando seu cavalo alado Pégasus está no céu, na ilha do céu, onde a donzela foi acorrentada por sua madrasta Cassiopéia que não pode ser vista adequadamente nesta latitude... Nesse mar, estão o Aguadeiro (Aquário), o Peixe Austral, os Peixes juntamente com Cetus, a Baleia... ao mesmo tempo que voam nos céus celestes os pássaros Grou e Fênix, mais ao norte. Com a entrada do Carneiro, Áries, parece que pisamos em terra e no entanto, já nos deparamos com um rio, o Eridanus, que agora, em janeiro, já nos leva a ver o gigante caçador Órion, em cujas pernas suas águas começam, em terra firme...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre que vemos o Órion surgindo ao anoitecer, também estaremos revendo as Plêiades, irmãs chorosas, o Touro com seu belo olho avermelhado, Aldebarã, as Hyades.... ao norte, novamente Capela nos chama a atenção, como se fosse um farol!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sem dúvida alguma, essa parte dos céus estrelados nos deixa absolutamente enleados, quase que sem respiração... porque a Via Láctea nos abençoa com sua presença esfumaçada e escondendo vários pontos interessantes a serem observados através nossos binóculos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sírius, a rainha da noite, também nos encanta a visão nesse já quase final de verão, fevereiro de nossos carnavais... Procyon segue Sírius, como sempre, e ambas estrelas seguem o caçador gigante Órion... Canopus volta a capitanear seu imenso Navio (desmembrado em Popa, Vela e Carina - não sei por qual razão....) E eis que ao leste, bem ao sul, bem ao sul... retorna o Cruzeiro aos nossos céus da noite!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais ao norte, podemos ver os dois Gêmeos conversando animadamente a caminho do meio do céu. Câncer continua protegendo em seu ventre seu ninho de estrelinhas-crianças, o Presépio. A Hydra também re-aparece em sua cabeça triangular, mostrando depois seu coração, Alphard.... e com o andar da noite e dos meses, todo o seu corpo serpenteando várias constelações...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O Leão surge garboso como sempre com suas estrelas Regulus e Denebola - a primeira na pata e a segunda, na cauda -, dando lugar à Virgem que surge antecipada pelo vôo do Corvo. Sempre a Virgem nos faz voltar nossa visão para a encantadora Spica, sua estrela-alfa. E sempre também a Virgem nos faz voltar nosso desejo de observarmos a luz amarelada e intensíssima advinda de Arcturus, a estrela-alfa do Boeiro. Não podemos nos esquecer que entre o Leão e o Boieiro existe a Cabeleira de Berenice, um presente dos céus escuros e transparentes, realmente.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se olharmos para os céus do norte, poderemos divisar o Leão Menor, os Cães de Caça, e com muita sorte, as patas da Ursa Maior. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se olharmos para os céus do sul, estaremos suspirando mais e mais com a visão encantadora, cativante, maravilhante, da Via Láctea realizando seu caminho através o Navio, a Cruz, o Centauro e preenchendo todos os espaços que unem estas duas últimas constelações ao Escorpião que entra em cena trazendo nossos olhares mais e mais ao sul, sendo antecedido por suas duas Garras, ou seja, a constelação da Balança.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sempre que o Cruzeiro do Sul aponta para seu momento máximo de zênite possível para uma constelação muitíssimo ao sul e muito próxima ao pólo sul..., entra em cena a majestosa constelação do Escorpião!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Entrando no palco celeste o Escorpião, é tempo de nos deixarmos maravilhar com a Via Láctea encontrando seu ponto máximo de concentração, digamos assim, pois aos pés desse rastejante animal celeste encontra-se o ponto para onde podemos dirigir nossos pensamentos para encontrarem o centro de nossa Galáxia!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Para enfeitarmos e saudarmos esse evento, sempre podemos nos brindar com a doce visão da Coroa Austral, já bem próxima a Sagitário, e da Coroa Boreal, entre o Boieiro e Hercules e guardado pela cabeça da serpente que o Ofiuco segura.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se o Caminhante estiver num lugar de norte bem baixo, realmente, poderá tentar observar algumas estrelas que compõem o Dragão que guarda o norte dos céus estrelados, o pólo norte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o galo estiver cantando, ainda antes do Sol surgir no horizonte leste anunciado por clarões avermelhados..., com sorte poderemos novamente nos fazer felizes como a entrada em cena do Capricórnio apontando para o norte que acolhe a estrela Vega, a alfa da doce e bela e sutil Lyra, e nos trazendo a esperança da chegada próxima da Águia, também acolhida pela Via Láctea, e sempre nos mostrando suas três estrelas que voam juntas!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Não deixe de dar uma olhada no Céu do Outono, se você estiver desejoso/a de passar a noite inteira observado as constelações e suas estrelas em marcha céu adentro céu afora... ou se você estiver retornando de um programa noturno e perder o sono... ou se você gostar de acordar bem cedo, já com o canto do galo...</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Março marca o final do verão e o início do outono...</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando o outono chega, aqui na Zona da Mata das Minas Gerais, as chuvas do verão vão escasseando de tal forma até se tornarem apenas uma lembrança... As noites voltam a mostrar suas estrelas em céu sem nuvens e o ar bem mais seco permite que suas luzes fiquem bem mais brilhantes e piscantes contra o pano de fundo da escuridão da abóbada celeste. Por que não aproveitarmos esses tempos de início seca do outono para observarmos o céu noturno, em belo passeio?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ao começar nosso <i>tour</i> celeste, nestes dias de final de março.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (você pode retornar ao começo de nosso texto.... porém, já certamente sabedor de alguns dos tesouros dos céus estrelados!)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sítio das Estrelas</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-28593083118687132632013-11-08T07:40:00.003-08:002013-11-08T07:40:34.291-08:00Meu amor pelas Estrelas<span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /></span>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s1600/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s640/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-align: start;">Fonte da Imagem: http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a><span style="text-align: start;">.</span><span style="text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBjXKKnBPB3LmJ10k0e3qWQErgDhdpfKUeSaV49xekKCD-KtfkC1pep6RXhN6rCB43kZs6FQwJ1TiAn-kgNtH_ip-7kKQmxYudNpH57NihYjgcCWzAUtTgfdIQQStDj671QEY1tW4PxdW/s1600/800px-Earth's_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdBjXKKnBPB3LmJ10k0e3qWQErgDhdpfKUeSaV49xekKCD-KtfkC1pep6RXhN6rCB43kZs6FQwJ1TiAn-kgNtH_ip-7kKQmxYudNpH57NihYjgcCWzAUtTgfdIQQStDj671QEY1tW4PxdW/s1600/800px-Earth's_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 48px;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Da Terra ao Céu .......................<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;">.........................................................................................</span><span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 48px;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">................................ e ao Infinito ...................</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"> SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Reunião das Informações,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">suas traduções para a língua portuguesa (quando necessário),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"> Compilação bem como Comentários Pessoais:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"><i><span lang="PT"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></span><div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: small;">MEU AMOR PELAS ESTRELAS...</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;<br />I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (traduzindo livremente) :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apesar de minha alma permanecer na escuridão, ela ascenderá plenamente iluminada,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu amor pelas estrelas tem sido grande demais para que eu tema a (escuridão da) noite</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.......ou .. para que eu tema a morte)."</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este poema é o grande companheiro das noites solitárias dos amantes das estrelas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Momento de Reverência à Astronomia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Transcrevo o belíssimo poema de SARAH WILLIAMS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> que tão bem descreve o amor à Astronomia, o respeito à passagem do conhecimento do mestre para o discípulo, a tristeza do não-reconhecimento dos pares contemporâneos a respeito do trabalho realizado, a emoção de se unir ao mestre reverenciado e às estrelas quando chega o momento da morte... Morte que nunca é temida por todos aqueles que amaram a escuridão da noite e as luzes das estrelas...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Old Astronomer to His Pupil</b></span><br /><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><i>Sarah Williams</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reach me down my Tycho Brahe, I would know him when we meet,<br />When I share my later science, sitting humbly at his feet;<br />He may know the law of all things, yet be ignorant of how<br />We are working to completion, working on from then to now.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pray remember that I leave you all my theory complete,<br />Lacking only certain data for your adding, as is meet,<br />And remember men will scorn it, 'tis original and true,<br />And the obliquy of newness may fall bitterly on you.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But, my pupil, as my pupil you have learned the worth of scorn,<br />You have laughed with me at pity, we have enjoyed to be forlorn,<br />What for us are all distractions of men's fellowship and smiles;<br />What for us the Goddess Pleasure with her meretricious smiles.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You may tell that German College that their honor comes too late,<br />But they must not waste repentance on the grizzly savant's fate.<br />Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;<br />I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...............</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Reach me down my Tycho Brahe, I would know him when we meet"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A poeta Sarah Williams nestes versos bem descreveu o sentimento do velho astrônomo em seu leito de morte, deixando seu conhecimento como herança para seu discípulo...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ele pede ao seu discípulo para lhe trazer o retrato pintado de Tycho Brahe, o grande mestre astrônomo anterior a Kepler, a Galileu....para reconhecê-lo quando se encontrarem... E o velho astrônomo tem certeza de que – apesar de Tycho Brahe saber a lei sobre todas as coisas, ainda assim não sabe o que o velho astrônomo já acumulou de conhecimentos, dando continuidade ao trabalho da astronomia desde aquele tempo mais antigo até aquele momento...trabalho esse que, humildemente, o velho astrônomo anseia por compartilhar com o antigo mestre..... Essa é a primeira estrofe.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A segunda estrofe começa com o velho astrônomo deixando como herança ao seu discípulo sua teoria já completa, ao mesmo tempo que fazendo seu herdeiro saber que a esta teoria ele deverá acrescentar mais e mais informações. E o avisa: os homens zombarão dele – apesar de sua teoria se provar original e verdadeira. E sentencia: a ignorância em relação ao novo conhecimento cairá como fel sobre o discípulo.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Na terceira estrofe e nos dois primeiros versos da quarta estrofe, o velho astrônomo devaneia sobre as zombarias e o não-reconhecimento que o discípulo teve oportunidade de vivenciar junto ao seu mestre e sobre o bom-humor e temperança com que ambos tiveram que enfrentar tais vicissitudes...... Também assinala que qualquer honraria agora chegaria tarde demais...</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os dois últimos versos da última estrofe são de uma beleza ímpar:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Assim, o velho astrônomo termina sua vida dizendo (traduzindo livremente) :</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Apesar de minha alma permanecer na escuridão, ela ascenderá plenamente iluminada,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu amor pelas estrelas tem sido grande demais para que eu tema a (escuridão da) noite</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.......ou .. para que eu tema a morte)."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esse último verso tem sido o grande companheiro </span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de todos aqueles que amam verdadeiramente as estrelas, sejam astrônomos ou não....</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Janine Milward</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FONTES:</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Old Astronomer to his Pupil</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Poema de Sarah Williams</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Best Loved Poems of the American People"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hazel Felleman, ed. Garden City Publishing Co.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Garden City, NY. 1936, pp. 613-614</span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><a href="http://www.3ap.org/sarahWilliams.shtml" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.3ap.org/sarahWilliams.shtml</span></a><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">ATLAS DO UNIVERSO</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">This website belongs to <a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>WIKIPEDIA</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercluster" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/</a></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</a></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><br /></a></span></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-5986724619401396512013-11-08T07:37:00.001-08:002013-11-09T07:39:17.460-08:00Galáxia de Andromeda e sua Vicinitude e o GRUPO LOCAL<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px;">
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Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada</h3>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Meu Projeto</span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4187185926791163386" itemprop="description articleBody" style="line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 966px;">
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="426" src="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">NGC 224 = M31</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste </span><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellation</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his </span><em style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and engraved by Demasso.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: small;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"></span></span><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><br /><h2 style="background-image: url(http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/graphics/newscenter_h2_background.gif); background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #fff2cc; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px !important; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="512" /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br /><div style="margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.59375px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; color: #0a4bff; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"></span></span><br /><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 25.59375px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 13px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="635" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966;">ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span><br /><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="border-top-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 8px;">
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<br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><br /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #fff2cc; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 15px 0.17em; position: relative;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a><br /><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: small;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: small;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">M32 = NGC 22</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">1 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 205</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"> NGC 185</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">e NGC 147</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">MGC 221 = M32</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><br /><div style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Hs-1999-40-a-full_jpg.jpg</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); direction: ltr; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-k-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><div style="font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span><br /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</span></a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Recorded (964) by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (Recorded by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Messier</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> in 1764)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" height="750" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">M32 (= </span></span></b></big></a><span style="font-size: small;"><big><b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</span></b></big><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Discovered (1749) by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (Recorded by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Messier</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> in 1764)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span></span><br /><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" height="750" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</span></a></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><br /><h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span><br /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><br /><span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></span><br /><h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></span><br /><h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal;">
<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><span style="color: #ffd966;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">O GRUPO LOCAL</span></b></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: 13px;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztmvjWPCEs9nMOVV47kbMRu9W3QHSnpIJLOVg02YfqhVdMV9cMTcw__boLoaOAnDWZa-bxMtNYcnexzNj8kYKO16WCQrtBPlEhhV8n_9-37voAKFOFFC1jR-ExoVwcV4f3W6y92xnYXWP/s1600/local+group.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group</a></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;">
<span dir="auto"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#mw-navigation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#p-search" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img alt="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg/800px-Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></a><br /><table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); direction: ltr; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">The original image is located here:</span></span><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a class="external free" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg</span></span></a></li>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Author</span></span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><img alt="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/800px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg</span></a><br /><table cellpadding="4" class="toccolours vevent mw-content-ltr" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); direction: ltr; line-height: 19.1875px; padding: 5px; text-align: center; width: 1112px;"><tbody>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br /><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><br /><h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></span></h1>
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<tr><td><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #aaaa88; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><br /><div align="center" style="font-size: 13px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer<br />Designation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" width="300"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-size: 13px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 13px;">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
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<div align="center" style="font-size: 13px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Name <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Size <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="4" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Principal Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Multiple Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">NGC Objects in Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IC Objects Data - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/icData.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<h1 align="center" style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Abell Galaxy Clusters - The Night Sky Atlas</span></span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;">- </span><b><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Mario Jaci Monteiro</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span lang="PT"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img height="512" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</a></span></span><br /><br /><div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img alt="Postcards from Andromeda" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: xx-small;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</span></a></span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></span></h2>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-14265120909560435092013-11-08T07:36:00.002-08:002013-11-09T07:42:45.607-08:00Via Lactea e Andromeda abraçando-se, em futuro distante?<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #073763;">Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada</span></h3>
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"><div style="text-align: center;">
bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: #bf9000; line-height: normal;"><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Janine Milward</div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2013/11/Andromeda-Milky-Way-Mike-Taylor-9-8-2013-Bold-Coast-Maine.jpg" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda" height="960" id="Image5_img" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpR1bEgZO1RHeNa8x8y_2TYe02NnuVpZ97ioDeT_9Z7zaGYbHfqSUUGwOYAc_USKPHrnKuAUW9OYbCxuo3pu_kdpX2s6wPNYnqYhesDG78guZ4FL-XWnmxDtFvJaRkRjHKVLyJee1ZtOm/s1600/mike+talor+milk+way+and+andromeda.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="629" /> </span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span><br style="color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span><br style="color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-n-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; padding: 8px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><br style="color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center;" /><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/" style="color: #bf9000; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-center; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<h2 style="background-image: url(http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/graphics/newscenter_h2_background.gif); background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: both; color: #fff2cc; margin: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px !important; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">VÍDEOS:</b></span></div>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; background-color: #073763; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DA TERRA .......................... AO CÉU ....................</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> E </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AO INFINITO.................</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: #ffe599; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></span><br /><span style="color: #ffe599; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br /><span style="color: #ffe599; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br /><span style="color: #ffe599; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: start;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-69002722260108919762013-11-08T07:33:00.001-08:002014-09-12T11:29:13.015-07:00 O Mito de Andromeda e Meus (Janine) Comentários <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px;">
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda, a Princesa Acorrentada</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu Projeto</span></div>
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo<br />e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;<br />bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<br /><br />Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<br /><br />Com um abraço estrelado,<br />Janine Milward</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span></h3>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: start;">La Hire, Philippe de, 1705, Planisphere Celeste Septentrional.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><strong>Título: </strong> Andromede, persee, Le Triangle (Andromeda, Perseus e Triângulo)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1260" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">John Flamsteed</a> / <a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/1454" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">MJ Fortin</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Johann Bayer — Andromeda</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><a href="http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623" style="background-color: #073763;">http://www.aradergalleries.com/detail.php?id=3623</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>O Mito de Andromeda:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a filha de Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, e de Cassiopeia. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Por causa dos boatos espalhados por Cassiopéia</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> de que a beleza de Andrômeda superava a das Nereidas,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Netuno enviou um mostro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para devastar aquele país. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Porém, Netuno fez a promessa de libertar o país dessa devastação</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> caso Andromeda fosse oferecida em sacrifício, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sendo acorrentada a uma rocha, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">para ser devorada pelo monstro marinho. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No entanto, Perseus soube desse caso </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e salvou Andrômeda de seu tormento matando o monstro </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o transformando em pedra ao lhe mostrar a cara da Medusa.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambos, Perseus e Andrômeda, alçaram vôo alto, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sobre Pegasus, o cavalo alado, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e se dirigiram para o altar onde se casaram.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Andromeda e Perseus - Guido Reni, 1635</span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Philippe La Hire, <i>Planisphere celeste,</i> 1705<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA,</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">E PERSEUS, O HERÓI</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda e Perseus são os atores principais desse Mito</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">enquanto os atores coadjuvantes </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são Cefeus e Cassiopéia, o pai e a madrasta (ou mãe) de Andromeda</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- duas constelações bem ao norte, realmente -;</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o Cavalo Alado Pegasus, imensa constelação, que carrega o herói Perseus</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e o leva até a rocha onde Andromeda está acorrentada</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sendo ameaçada de morte pelo monstro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que mora nos mares dos Peixes.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bem da verdade, é a constelação dos Peixes</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que atua enquanto palco e cenário para esse Mito acontecer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e lhe traz a importância ímpar por fazer parte da Linha da Eclíptica!</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Todas estas constelações posicionam-se tomando um imenso espaço</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> nos céus estrelados</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o Sol passeia nas imediações das constelações </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">realizando seu andamento na Linha da Eclíptica, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">durante os meses </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de março, abril e maio, quer dizer,</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ao longo de seu andamento através as constelações </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de Aquário, Peixes, Aries e Touro!).</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vamos encontrar </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a maior parte das constelações desse Mito </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">já ao norte da Linha da Eclíptica </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e com os Peixes nadando neste lugar</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (na linha do aparente andamento do Sol)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e ainda</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sempre penso que podemos considerar Cetus, a Baleia, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">praticamente pertecendo à Roda do Zodíaco</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (porque volta e meia acolhe a Lua ou outra luz)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e situando-se mais ao sul.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Podemos perceber que o entrecruzamento das Linhas da Eclíptica e do Equador</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(o chamado Ponto Vernal, o Ponto do Equinócio da Primavera</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> para o hemisfério norte)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acontece bem próximo ao primeiro Peixe </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e sob o grande quadrado de estrelas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> formado pelo belíssimo cavalo Pegasus, ao norte, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e ainda os Peixes possuem uma espécie de cordão umbilicial, digamos assim, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que os atam, de alguma maneira, ao mostro-marinho Cetus, a Baleia, ao sul....</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e a vicinal Andromeda não deixa de atuar como atriz principal </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de todas estas questões...., </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">porque, afinal, a Princesa Acorrentada é a essência da construção desse Mito.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Veja na belíssima Ilustração abaixo,</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus, a Baleia, o monstro-marinho, nadando ainda distanciado de Andromeda, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e morando ao sul da Linha da Eclíptica,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que, por sua vez, o andamento do Sol vivencia os mares dos Peixes</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e situa mais ao norte as demais constelações</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> que perfazem o Mito de Andromeda e Perseus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><br /></b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</a></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste <strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">The map exhibits the constellations in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his <em>Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O MITO DE ANDROMEDA E PERSEUS</span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>AS CONSTELAÇÕES QUE FAZEM PARTE DO MITO DE ANDROMEDA:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><b>A Constelação dos Peixes</b></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É neste cenário - nos mares dos Peixes - que podemos encontrar a Ilha</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">onde Andromeda está amarrada às pedras e sendo ameaçada</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pelo Monstro Marinho, Cetus, a Baleia.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #073763; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1xMMf9CZjivbMexTGYgvTExiWaZ4-46Bl9HQKJ-LBJcTN9viyuPacW4OB2pZRc3k7K1iQjRzt7uQojkHlljN4qvN98eG86uA7pPKTsttg-HFP7Yq_5O_WKtY8bdNig2d6LYire-0ZE/s1600/urania27.jpg" height="446" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A Constelação de Cetus</b>, <b>a Baleia ou Monstro Marinho</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cetus representa o monstro marinho enviado por Netuno para devorar Andrômeda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania28.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania28.jpg</span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Pegasus, o Cavalo Alado<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dizem que Pegasus nasceu a partir do sangue da Medusa </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">quando Perseus cortou fora sua cabeça. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mais tarde, o cavalo foi domado e cavalgado por Bellerofonte </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que se cansou das questões pertinentes à Terra </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e tentou voar em direção aos céus porém caiu. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Pegasus, no entanto, continuou sua cavalgada, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entrando no céu e tomando seu lugar entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania15.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cassiopeia, a Rainha Invejosa, a Mulher Sentada</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrômeda era a esposa do rei Cefeus, da Etiópia, e mãe de Andrômeda. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ambas eram belíssimas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> mas alguns dizem que Cassiopéia era muitíssimo invejosa da beleza de sua filha... </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e espalhou o boato que esta era ainda mais bela do que as Nereidas. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Um monstro marinho, Cetus, a Baleia, foi então enviado por Netuno </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ou para devastar todo o país ou somente para devorar Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">que seria acorrentada a uma rocha. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sabemos que Perseus salvou Andrômeda e com ela se casou. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mas, por todos esses acontecimentos, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cassiopeia foi condenada a se sentar em seu trono</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e rodear o pólo norte de cabeça para baixo, como um lição de humildade.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p><br /></span><img src="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania03.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(7, 55, 99); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A constelação de Perseus</b>, <b>o Herói e Campeão</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perseus, era filho de júpiter e Danae, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">portanto, um semideus a quem Mercúrio deu de presente espada,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> capa e asas nos pés e também o escudo pertencente à Minerva. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O herói matou a Medusa ao cortar sua cabeça</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e mais tarde, salvou Andrômeda, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">com quem se casou e teve alguns filhos. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quando retornava para sua casa, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ele matou acidentalmente seu próprio avô e endoideceu de tanta dor, </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mas Júpiter apiedou-se dele e o colocou entre as estrelas.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Constelação de Cefeus, o pai de Andrômeda <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cefeus, rei da Etiópia, foi levado aos céus conjuntamente com sua esposa, Cassiopeia,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e sua filha Andrômeda </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em comemoração sobre os eventos e realizações atuados por Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">sobre a Constelação de Andromeda:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">É realmente interessante percebermos que as constelações de Cepheus e de Cassipeia se posicionam muitíssimo próximas ao círculo polar - e mal podem ser visualisadas por inteiro por mim (que moro em Latitude 21S52 e Longitude 43W00). No entanto, as constelações de Perseus, de Pegasus e de Andromeda já se situam a meio caminho entre o norte propriamente dito e o Equador celestial. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">O mito de Andromeda e Perseus nos fala sobre o fato de que a Princesa foi acorrentada numa ilha.... Podemos, então, perceber que exatamente no Ponto Vernal, quer dizer, o ponto de entrecruzamento entre as Linhas do Equador Celestial e da Eclíptica se situa um tantinho abaixo do Grande Quadrado que une as constelações do Cavalo Alado Pegasus e de Andromeda, na simpática e tímida em suas estrelinhas formando dois círculos, a constelação Pisces, os Peixes. Quer dizer, o mar está implícito neste Mito de Andromeda!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">E também não podemos deixar de notar que neste mar - porém um tanto mais distante, digamos assim -, nada e se apresenta de maneira absolutamente imensa o Monstro Cetus, a Baleia...., porém já no chamado hemisfério sul do Globo Celestial! Quer dizer, Cetus é uma ameaça, sim - assim como o Mito insiste -, mas situa-se mais distanciado (mesmo que imensamente grande e chamando nossa atenção exatamente por seu tamanho descomunal....</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Estas questões sempre podem ser apreciadas em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Aliás, sempre que estivermos diante do Grande Quadrado do Cavalo Alado Pegasus chegando até Andromeda, constelações ao Norte,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">devemos fazer um traçado diretamente para o Sul até alcançarmos e nos deixarmos embevecer pela visão maravilhosa das duas Nuvens de Magalhães! (Aqui na roça do Sítio das Estrelas, onde moro e trabalho, um ajudante meu sempre apontava para estes dois pontos esfumaçados dos céus do sul dizendo que era as Mulas do Presépio de Jesus!).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Ainda Dois Dedinhos de Prosa </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">sobre minha Visão da Constelação de Andromeda</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> e da Galáxia Andromeda:</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia de Andrômeda encontra-se dentro da constelação com o mesmo nome. É um belíssimo objeto a ser visto através mesmo simples binóculos! Em locais de céus escuros e transparentes e com bom norte - já morei no Sítio da Laje, em Sapucaia, RJ, onde isso acontecia -, podemos olhar para a galáxia de Andrômeda com nossa vista enviesada e a olho nú e nos surpreendermos com sua beleza rara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eu já tive a felicidade de morar num Sítio vicinal ao Rio Paraíba, na cidadezinha de Sapucaia, divisa do Estado do Rio com as Minas Gerais, onde sempre a constelação de Andromeda atraía imensamente minha atenção à vista desarmada e em olhar enviesado, é claro, pois que os céus do norte naquele lugar era realmente escuro e transparente - diferente do Sítio onde moro agora, o Sítio das Estrelas (distante a dois quilômetros apenas da cidadezinha que me acolhe) e a cidade de Juiz de Fora (a <st1:metricconverter productid="65 quilmetros" w:st="on">65 quilômetros</st1:metricconverter>) poluem com suas iluminações urbanas desenfreadas minha visão mais ao norte e ao noroeste, infelizmente.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O que sempre encantava meu olhar e meu coração em minhas observações naquele Sítio em Sapucaia, era o fato de que, por um lado - ao norte - Andromeda, a galáxia, sorria para mim.... e, por outro lado - ao sul -, as duas Nuvens de Magalhães também se apresentavam!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ah, a observação dos céus estrelados a olho nú é algo realmente encantador, emocionante e somente aqueles que se dedicam a esse tipo de observação<span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">saindo de suas poltronas (the arm-chair astronomer) e das telas maravilhantes de seus computadores -, conseguem compreender o maravilhamento que as estrelas e suas constelações e alguns objetos celestes visíveis à vista desarmada nos proporcionam, gratuitamente e quase eternamente....</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Janine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT" style="background-color: #073763;">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-79478571478639876252013-11-08T07:32:00.000-08:002013-11-26T03:58:52.565-08:00Estrelas e Objetos Interessantes em Andromeda<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meu Projeto</span><br />
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<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu ....</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">.....<a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">e ao Infinito </a></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;">- As 88 Constelações</a></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Com um abraço estrelado,</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;">ANDROMEDA, A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA</span></h3>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="426" src="http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/08/Andromeda_galaxy_Ted_Van_August_2012.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s1600/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMOBoSh1BlBUCsnQOCVtCxhnCfQcpUKeK4qIgkgKmbAWnbSYK3Ae9npBsrWDSubcgAobZQvQTlwOhYqO_pZfEb7vHYsFwxZ0TWsAUglJm474Lr-rrKmhy_z7dPtr5YGTUrjq9TDj1-E1fF/s640/Andromeda+gif+e+gal%C3%A1xia.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M 31: GALÁXIA ANDROMEDA</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">NGC 224 = M31</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-e-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-e-full_jpg.jpg</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Deepest View of Space Yields Young Stars in Andromeda Halo</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/26/image/c/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Andromeda, as shown in Bayer's Uranometria" height="619" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/AndromedaBayer.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</span></a> </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbK_L6aD2NG1u38C4N6ZIpJpyzmPDoyRpLapmPue3DnWDgfT08SR-YutnwBcxEJmGNruJl2XNGw58H-TZwyy-5pwi11VH8o3H5uUDVkK9Q9HLKVPjuEnQ4vZe5uiS0h-6iLiaJqqBPKhhc/s1600/hs-2011-11-a-large_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbK_L6aD2NG1u38C4N6ZIpJpyzmPDoyRpLapmPue3DnWDgfT08SR-YutnwBcxEJmGNruJl2XNGw58H-TZwyy-5pwi11VH8o3H5uUDVkK9Q9HLKVPjuEnQ4vZe5uiS0h-6iLiaJqqBPKhhc/s1600/hs-2011-11-a-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/image/a/format/large_web/</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Credit:</b><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)</span></span></h1>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA's Hubble Celebrates 21st Anniversary with "Rose" of Galaxies</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_gm_ObiSbqKYNkzs6RcbpkdndK3kUtKYD46b4JEcLT1Kuu68j059ITsXDycZo6YAvrLFK-9n1eRCLZfzreOEcLwZzm3Q7-PGuHdGDfM2yhzvZC5a00zyGdecKjS4wvpCJd908vx00NO6/s1600/Andromeda,+mario+jaci,+e+90+graus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_gm_ObiSbqKYNkzs6RcbpkdndK3kUtKYD46b4JEcLT1Kuu68j059ITsXDycZo6YAvrLFK-9n1eRCLZfzreOEcLwZzm3Q7-PGuHdGDfM2yhzvZC5a00zyGdecKjS4wvpCJd908vx00NO6/s1600/Andromeda,+mario+jaci,+e+90+graus.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM5Jvprou1uEwVjdNqgD3x11ejORPtmXC_ZAmZUmGJUKT-SmqXoyL6he_SQahnig2weNqxwtnoY7hkKzH_3zHK-_PCYgxU5lskbBpHXa-2Bgaku5qRqpj7GcpwDC2o8SD8sbreE2u6DoCd/s1600/Andromeda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="413" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM5Jvprou1uEwVjdNqgD3x11ejORPtmXC_ZAmZUmGJUKT-SmqXoyL6he_SQahnig2weNqxwtnoY7hkKzH_3zHK-_PCYgxU5lskbBpHXa-2Bgaku5qRqpj7GcpwDC2o8SD8sbreE2u6DoCd/s640/Andromeda.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #0f243e;"><br /></span></b><b><span lang="PT" style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT" style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;"> e ao Infinito</span></b><span style="color: #bf9000; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Constelações, Estrelas e Objetos Celestes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Suas histórias, seus mitos, seus significados e suas sintetizadas descrições<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações e Compilação,</span><span style="color: #bf9000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">Tradução para a língua portuguesa (em alguns momentos)</span><span style="color: #bf9000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="PT">bem como Comentários Pessoais:</span><span style="color: #bf9000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span lang="PT"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Janine Milward</span></span></i><span style="color: #bf9000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #bf9000;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span><span style="color: #0f243e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Alguns dados<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">são época/equinócio 1980<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">alguma pequena retificação.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Obrigada por sua compreensão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Visitando os Sites abaixo,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><em><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s1600/urania05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtk50C3Haiw_rQqNXL2KGp2xvve4eXbSEMZLJegmDOVoAOk_aVdzcoxgTnQgBCNn1Imq5Hi3c6mW5J_7DY5dx9E0cCcn0RvMQnHXiQfHfqQfalvyxs3hd0zEYdc5bvnMqRqENg3K_neJ-G/s640/urania05.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="444" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span class="text2160" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline;"><a class="link1" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="text1745" style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gloria Frederici, Andromeda, and Triangula</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania/urania05.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></span></b><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><u><br /></u></span></span></b><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">ANDROMEDA, </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">A PRINCESA ACORRENTADA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Posicionamento:</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 22h56m / 2h36m Declinação +21<sup>o</sup> 4’ a +52<sup>o</sup> 9’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">História:</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma das mais antigas constelações nomeadas e que faziam parte do Catalogo de Ptolomeu no Século Segundo depois de Cristo. ( Século 2 DC).<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/35567</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste </span><strong style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The map exhibits the constellation</span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s in the northern and southern skies in fine detail.Scarce decorative double hemisphere celestial map, published in Paris by De La Croix, for his </span><em style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nouvelle methode pour apprendre facilement la Geographie universelle</em><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and engraved by Demasso.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #bf9000; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-l8i06EybpfxkrD7-KMA6OOdCWYuHWuH6JgyzpTL299Ws6TIPGd3xs2pr_p7nDSvq9LEh9bi15SxPzH6D34gcgMIf30J2Fr8WADZy9iGw_enAhQyWRoIL9Ja9ghE0q2TmlSyxllUYIb4/s1600/lua+em+madrugada+de+domingo.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00)<br /> - www.stellarium.org trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Andromeda é uma constelação muito conhecida - juntamente com as demais constelações que fazem parte de seu Mito - em função de M31, uma galáxia espiral gigante muitíssimo próxima à nossa própria Galáxia, a Via Láctea. Essas duas galáxias são consideradas as maiores dentro do chamado Grupo Local que acolhe cerca de 20 membros.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">Fronteiras:</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A constelação de Andrômeda situa-se entre as constelações de Cassiopéia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Peixes, Áries e Perseus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img alt="Sky chart of the constellation" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_imgConstellation" src="http://www.heavens-above.com/conchart.ashx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT&con=And&fov=45&ra=0.8&dec=37&sz=800" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; height: 800px; padding: 8px; width: 800px;" /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">http://www.heavens-above.com/constellation.aspx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">Algumas Estrelas </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">e alguns objetos interessantes, </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">em Andromeda:</span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Existe um <b>Asterismo</b> interessante e chamado de <b>A Gloria de Frederico</b>, composto pelas estrelas Iota, Kappa, Lambda e Psi Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: 11pt;">Alpheratz ou Sirrah</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">. Alpha Andromedae.</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h07,3 - Declinação +28’58<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,15 - Distância 90 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela dupla, branca avermelhada, no cabelo de Andromeda. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #bf9000;"> De Al Surrat al Farás, falando sobre a parte do cavalo - por ter sido pertencente a Pegasus, anteriormente. Esta estrela também é conhecida por </span><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">Sirrah</span></b><span style="color: #bf9000;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Mirach</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">. Beta Andromedae. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asc. Reta 01h08,6m - Declinação +35,31<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> Magnitude visual 2,37 - Distância 76 anos-luz</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela amarelada situada no colar de Andromeda. De Mirak. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em outra versão, a Ilhaorga, nome árabe que se refere à parte acorrentada do corpo de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: 11pt;">Almach ou Alamak</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">. Eta Andromedae. <b>Estrela Dupla</b></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h02,7 - Declinação +42<sup>o</sup> 14<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude visual 2,28 - Distância 260 anos-luz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uma estrela binária (ou ternária), laranja, esmeralda e azul, situada no pé esquerdo de Andromeda. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">De Al Anak al Ard, um pequeno animal árabe, como um gambá <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(ou uma cabra, em outra versão)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma Andromedae 1 - Almach<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 02h00m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.06 Magnitude 2,3 e 5,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ângulo de Posição 63<sup>o</sup>.,0 Distância entre estrelas 9”,89<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">R Andromedae - Estrela Variável</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h21m Declinação +38<sup>o</sup>.18<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitudes: Max 5,0 Min 15,3 Período 409,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo PLG Espectro SE<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Distância: 10,32 anos-luz</strong> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Wei1JZ52d-5zD9PPzhLwXQuwnUhuZKZM8SicAPHfXD1udUL0S8ywrZGjb82KGYfo7Ditn9PR1B00LqzlHPOJrhVVnu-NPpZOFWmH3hL8GVZIIaj78GrfyMrvIaWtCWA3MPamYLeoknqw/s1600/ross+248.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Ross 248</strong>, fica a cerca de 10,32 anos-luz da Terra, e está realmente movendo-se tão rapidamente que daqui a cerca de 36 mil anos ela vai assumir o título de estrela mais próxima da Terra (além do nosso Sol). No entanto, ele vai começar se afastar-se novamente e abandonar o título cerca de 9000 anos mais tarde. Esta anã vermelha, é alvo de estudo científico intenso, e a sonda Voyager 2 vai passar a cerca de 1,7 anos-luz da estrela daqui a cerca de 40.000 anos. A estrela está localizada na constelação de Andrômeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><a href="http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/conheca-as-10-estrelas-mais-proximas-da.html?spref=fb</span></a></span></div>
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<strong style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fonte: ciencia-online.net</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span><img height="359" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?wpCalendar=1&rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=1366&height=768</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">NGC 404</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> é uma </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia">galáxia</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">elíptica</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (E-S0) localizada na direcção da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação">constelação</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> de </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">Andromeda</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;">. Possui uma declinação de +35° 43' 06" e uma</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_recta" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão recta">ascensão recta</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> de 1 </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;">, 09 </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> e 26,9 </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia <b>NGC 404</b> foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_de_Setembro" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="13 de Setembro">13 de Setembro</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1784">1784</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">É visível, em telescópios amadores, perto da estrela <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Andromedae" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Beta Andromedae">Beta Andromedae</a> (a 7 minutos-arco) . Está localizada a cerca de 10,7 milhões de anos-luz da Terra, um pouco fora do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local">Grupo Local</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_404</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="NGC 404" height="512" src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2008-02r_img01_small.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Ghost of Mirach' Rears its Spooky Head</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The "Ghost of Mirach" galaxy is shown in visible light on the left, and in ultraviolet as seen by NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer on the right. The fields of view are identical in both pictures, with the Ghost of Mirach -- a galaxy called NGC 404 -- seen as the whitish spot in the center of the images. Mirach is a red giant star that looms large in visible light. Because NGC 404 is lost in the glare of this star, it was nicknamed the Ghost of Mirach.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But when the galaxy is viewed in ultraviolet light, it comes to "life," revealing a never-before-seen ring. This ring, seen in <span style="text-align: start;">blue in the picture on the right, contains new stars -- a surprise considering that the galaxy was previously thought to be, essentially, dead.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The field of view spans 55,000 light years across. The Ghost of Mirach is located 11 million light-years from Earth. The star Mirach is very close in comparison -- it is only 200 light-years away and is visible with the naked eye.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The visible data come from the Digitized Sky Survey of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2008-02r_img01.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b>NGC 224 = M31</b> - <b>Nebulosa</b> <b>Andromedae.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">M31 é a catalogação para a <b>Galáxia de Andromeda</b></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Em lugares de céus escuros e transparentes, pode ser visualizada a olho nú, com visão enviesada, como também um simples par de binóculos pode alcançar e apreciar esta verdadeira preciosidade dos céus. É uma galáxia do tipo espiral e, sem dúvida alguma, é a galáxia mais familiar a todos nós, a única de sua espécie no céu do norte.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31 é a mais próxima galáxia espiral e a maior do Grupo Local de galáxias.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +41<sup>o</sup>.10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo SB - Galáxia Espiral Barrada Magnitude fotográfica aparente 4,33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 163 X 42 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Location of M31 in Andromeda</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-l-full_jpg.jpg</a> </span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/l/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Photo Credit:</span> Akira Fujii</span></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy</span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/photo-gallery-ii/galaxies-clusters/the-andromeda-galaxy-m31/" rel="attachment wp-att-5530" style="border: 0px; color: #0a4bff; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Messier 31" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5530" src="http://annesastronomynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The-Andromeda-Galaxy-M31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" title="The Andromeda Galaxy, our large neighbour galaxy" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image Credit & Copyright: Dieter Beer (<a href="http://www.starhopper.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.starhopper.at/</a>) & Patrick Hochleitner (<a href="http://www.photonhunter.at/" style="border: 0px; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.photonhunter.at</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>T</b>he Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31 or NGC 224) is a barred spiral galaxy of more than 220,000 light-years across, located approximately 2.54 million light-years away in the Andromeda constellation. It is the largest galaxy of the Local Group, which also contains the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and about 30 other smaller galaxies.</span></span></div>
<a href="http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://annesastronomynews.com/annes-picture-of-the-day-the-andromeda-galaxy/</span></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><a href="http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2001/09/07/index.html</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta Galáxia pode ser encontrada na Ascensão Reta entre 0h e 1h e Declinação +40, em Magnitude visual 5 e distância de cerca de 2.2 X 10 . 6 anos-luz e um diâmetro angular de 160’ X 40 e um diâmetro real de 110 mil anos-luz. A região central e brilhante de M31, parecida como uma galáxia elíptica, possui 12 mil anos-luz em diâmetro; e no centro dessa região encontra-se o núcleo denso que mede 50 anos-luz em diâmetro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e contém mais de 10 milhões de estrelas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="635" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF9TJZ1LqRw_8_MU__PI4fgzaY6NncqDf0fKEk871xhI_H9Q19x38Gi1trObd2T6-NVrWQk7sK3wsyVzx_mU8hdrxQGLFsj4MSiDOUirtH2X_J6mIQKlvjrrlw0-I_M4IXdmJGGI8XNfj8/s640/fig1j_small.JPG" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 18.8125px; text-align: start;">M 31 captured by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) (Credit: HSC Project/NAOJ)</span><a href="http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipmu.jp/ja/node/1663</a></span><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://subarutelescope.org/Topics/2013/07/30/index.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966;">ASSISTA AO VÍDEO:</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Closeups of the Andromeda Galaxy Captured by Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam</span></span></h1>
<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpQSMd5l2cI#t=51</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/c/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a><span style="text-align: start;"> and T.M. Brown (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">)</span></span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Satellites"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Satellites</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda's satellite galaxies</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxies</a>, consisting of 14 known <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxy">dwarf galaxies</a>. The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M110">M110</a>. Based on current evidence, it appears that M32 underwent a close encounter with M31 (Andromeda) in the past. M32 may once have been a larger galaxy that had its stellar disk removed by M31, and underwent a sharp increase of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the core region, which lasted until the relatively recent past.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bekki_et_al_2001_79-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Bekki_et_al_2001-79" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[75]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found in the halo of M31 a stream of metal-rich stars that appear to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ibata_et_al_2001_80-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Ibata_et_al_2001-80" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[76]</a></sup> M110 does contain a dusty lane, which may indicate recent or ongoing star formation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young_2000_81-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Young_2000-81" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[77]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2006 it was discovered that nine of these galaxies lie along a plane that intersects the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, rather than being randomly arranged as would be expected from independent interactions. This may indicate a common tidal origin for the satellites.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006_82-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Koch_.26_Grebel_2006-82" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[78]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">Existem galáxias satélites </span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;">que estão gravitacionalmente ligadas à M31:</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">são galáxias-anãs designadas como<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">M32 = NGC 22</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">1 (sul do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 205</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (noroeste do núcleo de M31),<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"> NGC 185</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (cerca de 7 graus ao norte, já na Constelação de Cassiopea)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">e NGC 147</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (ao lado de NGC 185 e na Constelação de Cassiopea).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 221 - M 32 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h41m Declinação +40<sup>o</sup>.46<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 9,06<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 3,4 X 2, Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;">MGC 221 = M32</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> - Nebulosa de Andromeda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A mais luminosa das galáxias esferoidais que acompanham a grande Nebulosa de Andromeda. Magnitude visual de 8,7. Pode ser bem observada em noites escuras e transparentes com um bom aparelho magnificador que mostrará uma tênue mancha luminosa à direita da Grande Nebulosa de Andromeda.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Messier 32</b> (<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="New General Catalogue">NGC 221</a>) é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a>, satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, localizada a cerca de 2900000 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> de distância, na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente oito mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a> e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 8,1. Foi descoberta em 1749 por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Messier 32 foi a primeira <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> descoberta da história, por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Gentil" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Guillaume Le Gentil">Guillaume Le Gentil</a> em 29 de outubro de 1749. O astrômomo francês<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> registrou em suas notas que ele havia visto o objeto primeiramente em 1757 (o primeiro registro histórico de Messier de um de seus objetos), e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catalogou</a>-o em 3 de agosto de 1764. Anos mais tarde, ao elaborar um esboço da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, incluiu em seu desenho M32 e o último objeto de seu catálogo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">Messier 110</a>.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32</span></a><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Origem</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire/pr1999040a/</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Autor</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NASA and Thomas M. Brown, Charles W. Bowers, Randy A. Kimble, Allen V. Sweigart (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Henry C. Ferguson (Space Telescope Science Institute).</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 205 - Galáxia Andromeda</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 00h39m Declinação + 41<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo E - Galáxia Elíptica Magnitude fotográfica aparente 8,89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimensões Angulares 12 X 6 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 2,1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 205</b> ou <b>M110</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> localizada a cerca de dois milhões e novecentos mil <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 0,889<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 7,9, uma declinação de +41º 41' 26" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 00 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a> 40 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> 21,9 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 205 foi descoberta em <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_de_Agosto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="10 de Agosto">10 de Agosto</a> de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1773">1773</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> e é satélite da <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia de Andrômeda">Galáxia de Andrômeda</a>, pertencendo evidentemente ao <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Local_de_Gal%C3%A1xias" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Grupo Local de Galáxias">Grupo Local de Galáxias</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Ficheiro:Messier object 110.jpg" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Messier_object_110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheiro:Messier_object_110.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/gallery/messiercat.html</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #073763;"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Messier110.jpg</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This image is from the <a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)</a> project. The images from this project have been released into the <b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="en:public domain">public domain</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_el%C3%ADptica" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia elíptica">galáxia elíptica</a> foi descoberta pelo astrônomo francês <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> em 10 de agosto de 1773, mas por razões desconhecidas, nunca foi incluído em seu <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Catálogo Messier">catálogo de objetos do céu profundo</a>. Entretanto, foi descrito por ele próprio na edição do anuário astronômico francês<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaissance_des_temps" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Connaissance des temps">Connaissance des temps</a></i> em 1801 e incluído em um desenho de próprio punho seis anos mais tarde. Finalmente, em 1966 foi incluído na versão moderna do catálogo pelo astrônomo Kenneth Glyn Jones.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-0" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> redescobriu o objeto independentemente em 27 de agosto de 1783 e foi novamente redescoberto por seu irmão, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, descobridor de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urano_(planeta)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Urano (planeta)">Urano</a>, em 5 de outubro de 1784.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-seds_1-1" style="bottom: 1ex; height: 0px; line-height: 1; position: relative; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110#cite_note-seds-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">1</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 147</b> (also known as <b>DDO3</b> or <b>Caldwell 17</b>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf spheroidal galaxy">dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> about 2.58 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">Mly</a> away in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>. NGC 147 is a member of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_group_of_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Local group of galaxies">Local group of galaxies</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Satellite galaxy">satellite galaxy</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31). It forms a physical pair with the nearby galaxy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-simbad_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-simbad-5" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> another remote satellite of M31.</span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It was discovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> in September 1829. Visually it is both fainter and slightly larger than NGC 185 (and therefore has a considerably lower surface brightness). This means that NGC 147 is more difficult to see than NGC 185, which is visible in small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescope">telescopes</a>. In the <i>Webb Society Deep-Sky Observer's Handbook</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Webb_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147#cite_note-Webb-6" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> the visual appearance of NGC 147 is described as follows:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Large, quite faint, irregularly round; it brightens in the middle to a stellar nucleus.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of NGC 147 in the Local Group was confirmed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Baade" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a> in 1944 when he was able to resolve the galaxy into individual stars with the 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(California)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a> near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.</span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/NGC_0147_2MASS.jpg</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">Two Micron All Sky Survey (</span><a class="external text" href="http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">2MASS</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">)</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-k-large_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> NGC 224, M31, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical/Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a> and T.M. Brown (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/k/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-a-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="517" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2003/15/image/a/format/web_print/</span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</span></a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><big><b>M31 (= </b></big></a><big><b><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NGC 224</a>) -- The Andromeda Galaxy</b></big></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Recorded (964) by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#assufi" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (Recorded by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Messier</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> in 1764)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">A 3rd-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAb) in </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#224" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (RA 00 42 44, Dec +41 16 08)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#224" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 2 degree wide Wikisky image of the Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224, also known as M31" border="1" height="750" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m31.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="32" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><br /><big><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">M32 (= </span></b></big></a><big><b><span style="color: #ffd966;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NGC 221</a>)</span></b></big><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Discovered (1749) by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#legentil" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Guillaume Le Gentil</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (Recorded by </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/discoverers.htm#messier" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Messier</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> in 1764)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">An 8th-magnitude compact elliptical galaxy (type cE2) in </span><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm#221" style="color: #fff2cc; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda</a><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> (RA 00 42 42, Dec +40 51 57)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">A satellite of M31 (the small galaxy near the disk of M31)</span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Click on the image (below) or the NGC link (above) for more information</span></span><br />
<a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc2.htm#221" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="A 20 arcmin wide Wikisky image of NGC 221, also known as M32" border="1" height="750" src="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/m32.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="750" /></span></a><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" name="33" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://cseligman.com/text/stars/messiergalaxies.htm#31</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ASSISTA AOS VÍDEOS BEM INTERESSANTES: </span></div>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Andromeda Galaxy's Double Nucleus</span></span></h1>
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsTODjZGM58&feature=player_detailpage</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This zoom dives deep into the nucleus of the neighboring spiral galaxy M31, also known as the Andromeda galaxy. The sequence begins with a backyard constellation view and ends with the new Hubble Space Telescope image that centers on the 100-million-solar-mass black hole at the core of the galaxy and the young blue stars surrounding the black hole. This is the sharpest visible-light image ever made of the nucleus of an external galaxy. Astronomers are trying to understand how apparently young stars were formed so deep inside the black hole's gravitational grip and how they survive in an extreme environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI) TRT: 26 sec.</span></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span><br />
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Milky Way Versus Andromeda As Seen from Earth"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnYCpQyRp-4</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; text-align: start;"> Scientists have been using Hubble observations to predict the future of the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way, and how the collision will look from Earth. Projecting the motion of Andromeda's stars over the next 8 billion years, the astronomers now know the path that galaxy is taking through space. And it's heading straight for us! Computer simulations based on Hubble observations show how the two galaxies will crash together in around 4 billion years' time.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img src="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg" style="background-color: #073763; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/Pictures/Web/Reissig_W_003.jpg</a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 7662 - Andromeda - Nebulosa Planetária</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 23h25m Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.33<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tipo Nebulosa Planetária NP Dimensão 0,3 Magnitude 16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude da Estrela associada 12 Distância em anos-luz 4,0<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 17”x14” </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Esta é uma nebulosa planetária que parece uma estrela esfumaçada através telescópios pequenos. Com instrumentos mais potentes, podem ser vistos um anel brilhante e uma estrela central. Situa-se bem próxima à estrela Iota Andromedae.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 7662</b>, also known as the <b>Blue Snowball Nebula</b> or <b>Snowball Nebula</b>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Planetary nebula">planetary nebula</a> located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The distance to this nebula is not known with any real accuracy. According to the Skalnate Pleso Catalogue (1951) the distance of NGC 7662 is about 1,800 light years, the actual diameter about 20,000 AU. In a more recent survey of the brighter planetaries, C.R.O'Dell (1963) derived a distance of 1,740 parsecs or about 5,600 light years, increasing the actual size to 0.8 light year, or nearly 50,000 AU. It has a faint central star that is variable, with a magnitude range of 12 to 16.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> The central star is a bluish dwarf with a continuous spectrum and a computed temperature of about 75,000K. The nuclei of the planetary nebulae are among the hottest stars known.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 7662 is a popular planetary nebula for casual observers. A small telescope will reveal a star-like object with slight nebulosity. A 6" telescope with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnification">magnification</a> around 100x will reveal a slightly bluish disk, while telescopes with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mirror" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Primary mirror">primary mirror</a> at least 16" in diameter may reveal slight color and brightness variations in the interior.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7662</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ngc7662hst.jpg/530px-Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc7662hst.jpg</span></a><br />
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Source</span></td><td><a class="external free" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9738c21.html</span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc;">Howard Bond (ST ScI) and NASA/ESA</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 891 - Galáxia</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC 891 Tipo Sb Galáxia Espiral Barrada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Ascensão Reta 02h22m6 Declinação +42<sup>o</sup>.21 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Dimensões 14.0x3.0 </span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Um exemplo de galáxia espiral vista de lado, com uma banda proeminente de matéria interestelar ao longo do plano principal galáctico. Distante cerca de 43 milhões de anos-luz. Situa-se próxima à estrela Alamak ou Almach.</span><b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>NGC 891</b> é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1xia_espiral" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galáxia espiral">galáxia espiral</a> localizada a cerca de trinta milhões de <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anos-luz" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anos-luz">anos-luz</a> (aproximadamente 9,197 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaparsec" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Megaparsec">megaparsecs</a>) de distância na direção da <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Andr%C3%B4meda" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Constelação de Andrômeda">constelação de Andrômeda</a>. Possui aproximadamente cento e vinte mil anos-luz de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A2metro" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Diâmetro">diâmetro</a>, uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a> de 10,1, uma declinação de +42º 21' 03" e uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascens%C3%A3o_reta" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ascensão reta">ascensão reta</a> de 02 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Hora">horas</a>, 22 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Minuto">minutos</a> e 33,5 <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Segundo">segundos</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A galáxia NGC 891 foi descoberta em Agosto de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1783">1783</a> por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a> e é muito estudada devido às suas semelhanças com a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via-L%C3%A1ctea" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Via-Láctea">Via-Láctea</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_891</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-1999-10-d-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">Credit:</span><span style="text-align: start;"> Torsten Boeker, Space Telescope Science Institute (</span><a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a><span style="text-align: start;">) , and </span><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a></span><br />
<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/10/image/d/</span></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">NGC 752 - Aglomerado Aberto - Andromeda</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ascensão Reta 01h56m Declinação +37<sup>o</sup>.35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnitude fotográfica global 6,6 Distância kpc 0,38<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diâmetro 45’ Tipo Espectral A5<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_752</span></a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><b style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">NGC 752</b><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> é um </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglomerado_aberto" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Aglomerado aberto">aglomerado aberto</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> na direção da </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B4meda_(constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrômeda (constelação)">constelação de Andromeda</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. O objeto foi descoberto pelo astrônomo </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Hodierna" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Giovanni Hodierna">Giovanni Hodierna</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> em 1654, usando um </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> refrator com abertura de 0 polegadas. Devido a sua moderada </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Magnitude aparente">magnitude aparente</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (+5,7), é visível apenas com </span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Telescópio">telescópios</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">amadores ou com equipamentos superiores.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="640" src="http://messier.seds.org/Pics/Ngc/n0752kc.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0752.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /><b>Object: Arp 273 - UGC 1810 & UGC 1813</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arp 273</span></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>is a group of interacting </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, lying 300 million<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_years" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Light years"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">light years</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>away in the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda (constellation)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">constellation Andromeda</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. It was first described in the</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, compiled by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halton_Arp" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Halton Arp"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">Halton Arp</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>in 1966.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1810&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1810 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1810</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">, is about five times heavier.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;">It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UGC_1813&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="UGC 1813 (page does not exist)"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">UGC 1813</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"><span style="text-align: start;">. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="text-align: start;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span>and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arp_273</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: A "Rose" Made of Galaxies Highlights Hubble's 21st Anniversary</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: start;">To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope's deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble's eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">..................................</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The newly released Hubble image shows a large spiral galaxy, known as UGC 1810, with a disk that is distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. A swath of blue jewel-like points across the top is the combined light from clusters of intensely bright and hot young blue stars. These massive stars glow fiercely in ultraviolet light.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The smaller, nearly edge-on companion shows distinct signs of intense star formation at its nucleus, perhaps triggered by the encounter with the companion galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arp 273 lies in the constellation Andromeda and is roughly 300 million light-years away from Earth. The image shows a tenuous tidal bridge of material between the two galaxies that are separated from each other by tens of thousands of light-years.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/full/</a></span><br />
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Names</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UGC 1810, PGC 8961, MCG +06-06-023, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7155777971455253706" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ARP 273</a>, VV 323a</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right Ascension (2000.0)</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02:21:28.7</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Declination</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+39:22:32</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Constellation</span></td><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda</span></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.astrosurf.com/mcianci/ugc1810.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video: Arp 273 </span><span style="font-size: 12px;">Zoom Sequence (Narrated)</span></span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/11/video/a/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Video Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and Z. Levay, G. Bacon, and M. Estacion (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Image Credit:</span> A. Fujii; A. Block (Mount Lemmon SkyCenter, University of Arizona); Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), <a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>, Palomar/Caltech; and the <a href="http://heritage.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Hubble Heritage</a> Team (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>/<a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">AURA</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #f1c232; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWT3fom13HGrD_wU2hIgWm1n2iYbFs65RQP98A8HguCuDStEtxLvcQ2ccsx1qNla7v4sQaVDbp-jh1LHlxoGYFG15LhtnGaG-SjnmeLd6di0HrjgrmuGz0z98f-JWkfdtNJSOBgHhOuKGf/s1600/hs-2012-20-c-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/" style="color: #f1c232; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/c/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Science Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Future collision with the Milky Way</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda–Milky Way collision">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> at about 300 kilometres per second (190 mi/s),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ned_1-8" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-ned-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> making it one of the few <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshift" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Blueshift">blueshifted</a> galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are thus expected to collide in about 3.75 or 4.5 billion years, although the details are uncertain since Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is known to only within about a factor of two.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05_83-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-The_Sky_At_Night_2007-11-05-83" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[79]</a></sup> A likely outcome of the collision is that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_merger" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy merger">galaxies will merge</a> to form a giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008_84-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cox_.26_Loeb_2008-84" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[80]</a></sup> Such events are frequent among the galaxies in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">galaxy groups</a>. The fate of the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> in the event of a collision is currently unknown. If the galaxies do not merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join M31.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cain_2007_85-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#cite_note-Cain_2007-85" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[81]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way </span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy</span></h1>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image: Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-b-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/format/xlarge_web/</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as it will unfold over the next several billion years. The sequence is inspired by dynamical computer modeling of the inevitable future collision between the two galaxies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Left Panel: Present Day —</strong> This is a nighttime view of the current sky, with the bright belt of our Milky Way. The Andromeda galaxy lies 2.5 million light-years away and looks like a faint spindle, several times the diameter of the full Moon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>First Row, Right Panel: 2 Billion Years — </strong>The disk of the approaching Andromeda galaxy is noticeably larger.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Left Panel: 3.75 Billion Years —</strong> Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Second Row, Right Panel, and Third Row, Left Panel: 3.85-3.9 Billion Years —</strong> During the first close approach, the sky is ablaze with new star formation, which is evident in a plethora of emission nebulae and open young star clusters.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Third Row, Right Panel: 4 Billion Years — </strong>After its first close pass, Andromeda is tidally stretched out. The Milky Way, too, becomes warped.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Left Panel: 5.1 Billion Years — </strong>During the second close passage, the cores of the Milky Way and Andromeda appear as a pair of bright lobes. Star-forming nebulae are much less prominent because the interstellar gas and dust has been significantly decreased by previous bursts of star formation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Fourth Row, Right Panel: 7 Billion Years —</strong> The merged galaxies form a huge elliptical galaxy, its bright core dominating the nighttime sky. Scoured of dust and gas, the newly merged elliptical galaxy no longer makes stars and no nebulae appear in the sky. The aging starry population is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead fills an ellipsoidal volume.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>NOTE:</strong> These illustrations depict the view from about 25,000 light-years away from the center of the Milky Way. The future view from our solar system will most likely be markedly different, depending on how the Sun's orbit within the galaxy changes during the collision.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/b/</a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-m-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/format/web_print/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Collision Scenario for Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy Encounter</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration shows the inevitable collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy approximately 4 billion years from now. The galaxies are moving toward each other under the inexorable pull of gravity between them. A smaller galaxy, Triangulum, may be part of the smashup.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/m/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2012-20-e-xlarge_web.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/format/xlarge_web/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Nighttime Sky View of Future Galaxy Merger: 3.75 Billion Years</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda fills the field of view. The Milky Way begins to show distortion due to tidal pull from Andromeda.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, NGC 224, Andromeda Galaxy</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Science Illustration Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger</span></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/e/</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/format/web_print/</a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Fate of Sun After Galaxy Collision</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This illustration is a before-and-after comparison of the size of our Milky Way galaxy at present, and after it fully completes a merger with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy 10 billion years from now. The merged galaxies will blend together to create an elliptical galaxy of aging stars. Our Sun now orbits in the Milky Way's disk. But after the merger, it likely will be tossed into a looping orbit that will bring it both nearer to the center and farther into the outskirts of the newly formed elliptical galaxy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Illustration</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">ESA</a>, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (<a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">STScI</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/20/image/n/</a></span><br />
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<h1 class="yt" id="watch-headline-title" style="border: 0px; color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 13px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda</span></span></h1>
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<span class="watch-title long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-user-select: auto; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; letter-spacing: -0.05em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="Simulação da NASA da Via Láctea colidindo com a galáxia Andrômeda"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3LafDL9X9Y</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Andrômeda, nossa galáxia vizinha, está se aproximando cada vez mais da Via Láctea, as duas são separadas por uma distância de 2,5 milhões de anos, porém estão convergindo a uma velocidade média de 400 mil quilômetros por hora devido à gravidade que exercem uma sobre a outra.</span><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><br style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;" /><span style="line-height: 17px; text-align: start;">Cientistas acreditam que elas começarão a se fundir em 4 bilhões de anos, e dentro de mais 2 bilhões devem se tornar uma única entidade. Ainda segundo eles, a posição do nosso sol será alterada, porém os planetas que orbitam a sua volta não enfrentam muito risco de serem destruídos e, caso a espécie humana sobreviva, terá uma bela visão noturna do céu aqui da Terra.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;">Galaxies near and far: Milky Way and Andromeda</span></h2>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Central starry pathway is the Milky Way, our home galaxy. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Andromeda galaxy is an elongated fuzzy patch, just right of center. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="caption" style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Photo copyright Mike Taylor of Taylor Photography.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="color: #ffd966;"><b>O GRUPO LOCAL</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 14px;">The Milky Way belongs to a cluster of 30 galaxies called the Local Group. The Local Group is seven million light-years across. There are three giant spiral galaxies in the Local Group, plus 15 ellipticals and 13 irregulars, such as the Large Magellanic Cloud. Beyond the Local Group are many millions of similar star clusters. The Virgo cluster is 50 million light-years away and is made up of more t</span><span class="textexposedshow">han 1000 galaxies. The Local Group plus millions of other clusters make up a huge group called the Local Supercluster. Other superclusters are Hercules and Pegasus. Superclusters are separated by huge voids (empty space), which the superclusters surround like the film around a soap bubble. The voids between superclusters measure 350 to 400 million light-years across.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infelizmente não sei dizer os Créditos da Ilustração e do texto acima</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group</a></span></span></div>
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #bf9000; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative;">
<span dir="auto"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Local Group</span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <b>Local Group</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_group" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy group">group</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> that includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> among others. It comprises more than 54 galaxies, counting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a>. Its gravitational center is located somewhere between Milky Way and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. The Local Group covers a diameter of 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year#Distances_in_light-years" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Light-year">megalight-years</a>(3.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Parsec">megaparsecs</a>) (see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E%2B23_m" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="1 E+23 m">1 E+23 m</a> for distance comparisons) and has a binary (dumbbell)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> distribution. The group is estimated to have a total mass of 1.29±0.14 <span style="margin: 0px 0.15em 0px 0.25em;">×</span>10<sup style="line-height: 1em;">12</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Solar mass">M<sub style="line-height: 1em;">☉</sub></a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karachentsevetal2006_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-1" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> and has a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Velocity dispersion">velocity dispersion</a> of 61±8 km/s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-van_den_Bergh_1999_2-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-van_den_Bergh_1999-2" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> The group itself is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> (i.e. the Local Supercluster).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tully1982_3-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-tully1982-3" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two most massive members of the group are Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy. These two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxies</a> each have a system of satellite galaxies.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Milky Way's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Elliptical_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy">Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major_Dwarf_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy">Canis Major Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Carina Dwarf">Carina Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans Dwarf">Sextans Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sculptor Dwarf">Sculptor Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I Dwarf</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II Dwarf</a>.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andromeda's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda's satellite galaxies">satellite system</a> consists of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_Galaxy_M32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Elliptical Galaxy M32">M32</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 110">M110</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_I" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda I">And I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_II" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda II">And II</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_III" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda III">And III</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IV" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IV">And IV</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_V" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda V">And V</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Pegasus dSph (aka And VI)</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Cassiopeia Dwarf (aka And VII)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda VIII">And VIII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_IX" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda IX">And IX</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy_Andromeda_X" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Andromeda X">And X</a>, And XI, And XII, And XIII, And XIV, And XV, And XVI, And XVII, And XVIII, And XIX, and And XX.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>, the third largest and only unbarred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Spiral galaxy">spiral galaxy</a> in the Local Group, may or may not be a companion to the Andromeda Galaxy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisces_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Pisces Dwarf">Pisces Dwarf</a> is equidistant from the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, so it may be a satellite of either.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apj562_2_4-0" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-apj562_2-4" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The membership of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_3109" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 3109">NGC 3109</a>, with its companions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextans_A" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sextans A">Sextans A</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antlia_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Antlia Dwarf">Antlia Dwarf</a>, is uncertain due to extreme distances from the center of the Local Group.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The other members of the group are gravitationally secluded from these large subgroups: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix Dwarf</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_A" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Leo A">Leo A</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucana_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Tucana Dwarf">Tucana Dwarf</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cetus Dwarf">Cetus Dwarf</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PegDIG" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="PegDIG">Pegasus Dwarf Irregular</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Dwarf" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="Aquarius Dwarf">Aquarius Dwarf</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SagDIG" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="SagDIG">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular</a>.</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The term, "The Local Group" was introduced by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> in Chapter VI of his book </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">The Realm of the Nebulae</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> (Hubble 1936, pp. 124–151). There, he described it as </span><i style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">"a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field."</i><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> He delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Andromeda Galaxy">M31</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Triangulum Galaxy">M33</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_32" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="Messier 32">M32</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_205" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 205">NGC 205</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_6822" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 6822">NGC 6822</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_185" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_1613" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 1613">IC 1613</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_147" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;">. He also identified </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC_10" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;" title="IC 10">IC 10</a><span style="line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: start;"> as a possible Local Group member. By 2003, the number of known Local Group members has increased from his initial twelve to thirty-six by way of the discovery of almost two dozen low-luminosity galaxies.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bergh2003_5-0" style="line-height: 1em; text-align: start; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group#cite_note-Bergh2003-5" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg/800px-Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_%28JPEG%29.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">The original image is located here:</span><br />
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a class="external free" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_(JPEG).jpg</span></a></li>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/800px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></span></div>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></td><td><span style="background-image: none; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-color: #073763; background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429">Andrew Z. Colvin</a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><br />
<h1 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></h1>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6</span></a><img alt="Skyatlas PNG Image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/skyatlas.jsp?rightAscension=0.6&declination=38.6&viewAngle=90.0&viewRotation=0.0&width=700&height=500" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; color: #aaaa88; padding: 8px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bayer<br />Designation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" width="300"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Offsite Links<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in July before dawn, to March after dusk, best in November.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.372&declination=45.529&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Adhil</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ξ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Xi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(train of a garment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.065&declination=42.331&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Almach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">γ2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gamma 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´earthkid´ (Arabian weasel-like mammal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~jkaler/sow/almach.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" target="starnotes" title="Jim Kaler´s star notes for Almach">Jim Kaler Notes</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.140&declination=29.091&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">Alpheratz or Sirrah also delta Peg</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">α<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the horse´ or ´navel´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.162&declination=35.621&viewAngle=25" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Mirach</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">β<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´the loins´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/starnames.jsp</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Common Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Catalog Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RA<br />hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">DEC<br />degrees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 27pt;"><td colspan="5" style="height: 27pt; padding: 0cm;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in June before dawn, to February after dusk, best in October.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda A</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the Andromeda Galaxy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7117&declination=41.2683&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+41° 16.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">also radio source Andromeda A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7617&declination=38.0&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda I</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 45.7m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+38° 00.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.5883&declination=36.5167&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda III</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 35.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+36° 31.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.7083&declination=40.5667&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda IV</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 34.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">former Local Group candidate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1717&declination=47.6333&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda V</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 10.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+47° 38.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.705&declination=40.6167&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Andromeda VIII</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 42.3m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+40° 37.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Local Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=0.8317&declination=42.5833&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Baade´s Galaxies A & B</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"></td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">00h 49.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 35.0´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MCG+07-02-018/19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.4317&declination=42.535&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Blue Snowball</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 112.5pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC7662<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23h 25.9m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt;" valign="top"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 32.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 3.75pt; width: 225pt;" valign="top" width="300"></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.1567&declination=35.7183&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Mirach´s Ghost</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">01h 09.4m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+35° 43.1´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Deep Sky Corner)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=2.375&declination=42.3467&viewAngle=20.0" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Silver Sliver Galaxy</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NGC891<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">02h 22.5m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+42° 20.8´<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Alicia Tristan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/dsoNames.jsp</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Name <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Mag <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Size <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Description <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Andromeda: </span><span lang="EN-US">Visible in May before dawn, to January after dusk, best in September.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=23.6667&declination=45" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Frederick´s Glory</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.5 deg <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">´Y´ shape formed by Iota; Kappa; Lambda and Psi Andromadae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/viewer.jsp?rightAscension=1.875&declination=37.5" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Golf Putter</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">95' X 25' <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 degree long chain of stars with several stars at the end that form a golf club shape<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/asterisms.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Principal Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/stardata.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Multiple Stars of Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/multipleStars.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">NGC Objects in Andromeda - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/ngcData.jsp?id=AND</span></span></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">IC Objects Data - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Abell Galaxy Clusters - The Night Sky Atlas<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/catAbell.jsp</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra... bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #ffd966;">REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS:</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">COMPILAÇÃO E TRADUÇÃO literal (quando necessária) de Janine Milward:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">As Cartas Celestes foram realizadas por Mario Jaci Monteiro e escaneadas por Janine</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;">- </span><b><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Mario Jaci Monteiro</span></b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/andromeda.htm</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span lang="PT"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">Stellarium 0.11.1 (para a latitude 21s52 e longitude 43w00) - www.stellarium.org</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">trabalhado no Corel Photo-Paint X3 </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</b> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</b> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</b>, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 30/07/1999))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="476" src="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/images/glx2012-03r_img01.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px;" width="640" /></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2012-03r_img01.html</a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img height="512" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="640" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><img alt="Postcards from Andromeda" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-web_print.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-style: italic; text-align: start;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-size: x-small;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-15-b-print.jpg</span></a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><img height="640" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="463" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg" style="background-color: #073763; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2005-26-c-full_jpg.jpg</a></div>
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<h2 style="background-image: url(http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/graphics/newscenter_h2_background.gif); background-position: 0% 0%; border-bottom-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; clear: both; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px !important; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ABOUT THIS IMAGE:</span></h2>
<div style="border-top-color: rgb(7, 55, 99); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Image of M31 taken with a 12.5-inch Ritchey-Chrétien telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Object Names:</strong> M31, Andromeda Galaxy, NGC 224</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Image Type:</strong> Astronomical</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="import" style="font-weight: bold;">Credit:</span> © 2002 R. Gendler, Photo by R. Gendler</span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-72658414519928364812013-11-08T07:22:00.003-08:002013-11-16T10:08:34.093-08:00Referências Bibliográficas Impressas e Virtuais<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4115653043235685704" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: #073763; line-height: 18px; position: relative; width: 1036px;">
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Projeto</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 36px;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: medium;">e ao Infinito</span></span><span style="color: #bf9000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="line-height: 22px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">Reunião das Informações,</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">suas traduções para a língua portuguesa (quando necessário),</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="PT">Compilação e Comentários Pessoais:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="line-height: 13.5pt;"><i><span lang="PT" style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;</span></span></div>
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bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.</div>
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<span style="color: #bf9000; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.</span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Algumas </span></span></b></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS IMPRESSAS E VIRTUAIS</span></span></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alguns dados</span></span></b></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>(tais como Ascensão Reta e Declinação, em muitos dos casos)</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>são época/equinócio 1980</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>e devem requerer do Caminhante do Céu</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>alguma pequena retificação.</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Obrigada por sua compreensão.</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BIBLIOGRAFIA VIRTUAL:</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Informações atualizadas e preciosas</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:</b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE</span></span></b></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Search for Objects by Object Name</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><b>http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><b>http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/forms/byname.html</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span lang="EN-US">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) -</span></b></em><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b></span><em style="color: #fff2cc;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</span></b></em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></a><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.</span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The</span></span></h4>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Internet STELLAR DATABASE</span></span></center>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.stellar-database.com/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><b><span lang="EN-US">http://www.stellar-database.com/</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="An Atlas of The Universe" height="64" src="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/atlas.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" width="320" /></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html</span></span></td></tr>
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<b style="color: #bf9000;"><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ATLAS DO UNIVERSO</span></span></b></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/index.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This website belongs to <a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a>. You may copy this website in its entirety for personal use. Schools and colleges can copy this website for their own internal use. It is always acceptable to use this website for classroom projects.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All of the text on this website is my intellectual property. You are free to copy, and distribute the text, for <em>non-commercial</em> purposes only, and you must cite this website if you use any of the text in a derivative work. Commercial use of the text must be restricted to small quotations and should cite this website.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Maps and Diagrams</span></span></h2>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All of the maps and diagrams on this website belong to me, and are free for anyone to use under the following conditions. They are licenced under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/" rel="license" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Licence</a>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky Atlas</span></span></h1>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="The Night Sky Atlas logo image" src="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/logo.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /><b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.nightskyatlas.com/index.jsp</span></span></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars. Data sources: Bright Star Catalog from the <a href="http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Astronomical Data Center</a>, star names list from <a href="http://www.naic.edu/~gibson/starnames/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Steven Gibson</a>, all-sky Milky Way image by <a href="http://home.arcor-online.de/axel.mellinger/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">Axel Mellinger</a>. The data used in this product, in whole or in part, is used with permission of <a href="http://www.ngcicproject.org/" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;">The NGC/IC Project LLC</a>. Many thanks go to those who maintain and make available their astronomy datasets without which this sky atlas would not have been possible. Permission for any use of these chart images is granted, provided that the original website address remains visible on all images. Enjoy!</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Versions:</span></span></b></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A smaller stacked version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_SMALLER_(JPEG).jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg">here</a> for users with slower browsers.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A vertical version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_VERTICAL_(JPEG).jpg" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Earth's Location in the Universe VERTICAL (JPEG).jpg">here</a>.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An alternative/older version of the image is available <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_(Location)_001.jpeg" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Universe Reference Map (Location) 001.jpeg">here</a>.</span></span></li>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_date" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Date</span></span></td><td><time class="dtstart" datetime="2012-04-04" style="display: inline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 April 2012</span></span></time></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_src" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source</span></span></td><td><span class="int-own-work"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Own work</span></span></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Author</span></span></td><td><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="User:Azcolvin429"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrew Z. Colvin</span></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td class="fileinfo-paramfield" id="fileinfotpl_ver" style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; width: 156.140625px;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other versions</span></span></td><td><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Derivative works of this file:</span></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Position_der_Erde_im_Universum_4x2.png" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Position der Erde im Universum 4x2.png"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Position der Erde im Universum 4x2.png</span></span></a></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #bf9000; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Home_in_Relation_to_Everything.png" style="background-image: none; color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" title="File:Home in Relation to Everything.png"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Home in Relation to Everything.png</span></span></a></li>
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<b><span class="larger" style="color: #fff2cc;"><a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/home.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" target="index"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Star Names</span></a></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">as reprinted</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in the Dover edition, 1963</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</span></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/home.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/home.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: center;">From </span><a class="copyright" href="http://www.lindahall.org/services/digital/index.shtml" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Digital Services</a><span style="text-align: center;"> & </span><a class="copyright" href="http://www.lindahall.org/collections/histofsci.shtml" style="color: #bf9000; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">History of Science Department</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</span></a></div>
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<b style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uranomeetria</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/heis.htm" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Heis</span></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/goldbach.htm" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Goldbach</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bayer, Johannes</span> 1572-1625</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.aai.ee/muuseum/Uranomeetria/HTML/index.html</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Johann Hevelius (1611-1687)</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99PdwXIXuqJIru9a25fbzh5TefCQpuce6gokIsc-m278983Uvwes255QaQTSQ71RUEtOhCwWW4IROjCYlLZKLyVNpuey2CYGp9eETO8NZApTUS9bydwTQWtomH6rlXLZTNjHLTz2CWfH8/s1600/logo+mario+jaci.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #bf9000; float: left; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99PdwXIXuqJIru9a25fbzh5TefCQpuce6gokIsc-m278983Uvwes255QaQTSQ71RUEtOhCwWW4IROjCYlLZKLyVNpuey2CYGp9eETO8NZApTUS9bydwTQWtomH6rlXLZTNjHLTz2CWfH8/s200/logo+mario+jaci.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="128" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: normal;"></span><br /></span><div>
<span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AS CARTAS CELESTES REALIZADAS POR MARIO JACI E QUE CONSTAM DESSE TRABALHO - Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito - foram escaneadas por mim, Janine, e trabalhadas no programa Corel Photo-Paint X3. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQsgWDk2pOBsajHjaXMJGcpa7FzOOXfLdQIdPAGl-st8vrVbRQs9v7cNJ5KnQzsJ7sbW7ysjQvlQwnLbuq7-YjNbiepE1fuWirM534i7pZG6GBVvvX_BJDVbDTJwehutB8yWTeAOf8z3S/s1600/logo+urania's+mirror.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #bf9000; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQsgWDk2pOBsajHjaXMJGcpa7FzOOXfLdQIdPAGl-st8vrVbRQs9v7cNJ5KnQzsJ7sbW7ysjQvlQwnLbuq7-YjNbiepE1fuWirM534i7pZG6GBVvvX_BJDVbDTJwehutB8yWTeAOf8z3S/s200/logo+urania's+mirror.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="139" /></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text10" style="font-style: italic; line-height: 20px;">Urania’s Mirror</span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;"> is a boxed set of 32 constellation cards first published by Samuel Leigh of the Strand, London, in or shortly before 1825. The engraver was Sidney Hall but authorship was coyly attributed to “a lady”. Peter Hingley, librarian of the Royal Astronomical Society in London, has established that the true author was almost certainly the Reverend Richard Rouse Bloxam of Rugby</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania.htm" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.ianridpath.com/atlases/urania.htm</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text11" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;">Copyright notice: </span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">The scans on this page, and the larger versions to which they link, are </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">© Ian Ridpath</span><span class="text9" style="line-height: 20px;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 20.796875px; text-align: start;">Created by an anonymous young lady of London in the early 1800s to make the study of astronomy "familiar and amusing," the original constellation cards included in </span><i style="border: 0px none; line-height: 20.796875px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">THE NIGHT SKY: A View of the Heavens,</i><span style="line-height: 20.796875px; text-align: start;"> feature the constellations visible in the Northern Hemisphere. The sumptuous illustrations capture the inspiration of Classical mythology. The stars on the cards are perforated according to their relative magnitude, and when the cards are held up to the light, the natural appearance of the constellations is visible, making it easy for the viewer to pinpoint the constellations in the night sky.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Night Sky: A View of the Heavens Kit</span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-night-sky-barnes-noble-books/1006330921?ean=9780760761687&itm=1&usri=9780760761687" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-night-sky-barnes-noble-books/1006330921?ean=9780760761687&itm=1&usri=9780760761687</span></a></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">TERRA AGORA E LUA HOJE</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/flash/moonsong" style="color: #bf9000; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="moon phase" height="64" src="http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/image/moon/64/moon4.png" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" title="Just like outside, the moon looks like this tonight." width="64" /></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BIBLIOGRAFIA IMPRESSA:</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Wil Tirion - Atlas of the Night Sky</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Antonin Rükl - The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Stars & Planets</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> - The Hamlyn Publishng Group Limited, London, England<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">- </span><b><span lang="EN-US">Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, Dover Publications, Inc, New York, USA <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="PT" style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Bernard Pellequer - Pequeno Guia do Céu</b> - Editora Martins Fontes, São Paulo, Brasil<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- <b>Identificação do Céu</b> (Livro que foi sendo revisado e reeditado algumas vezes) de autoria de <b>Fernando Vieira</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, Fundação Planetário da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim em Curso de Identificação do Céu, em 30/07/1999))</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6<sup>a</sup>. Edição do <b>Atlas Celeste</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de autoria de <b>Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(com dedicatória do próprio autor para mim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em evento realizado no Museu de Astronomia do Rio de Janeiro,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">em 16/06/1989)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="PT">- </span><b>Mario Jaci Monteiro</b> , <b>As Constelações, Cartas Celestes</b> -<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99PdwXIXuqJIru9a25fbzh5TefCQpuce6gokIsc-m278983Uvwes255QaQTSQ71RUEtOhCwWW4IROjCYlLZKLyVNpuey2CYGp9eETO8NZApTUS9bydwTQWtomH6rlXLZTNjHLTz2CWfH8/s1600/logo+mario+jaci.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #bf9000; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99PdwXIXuqJIru9a25fbzh5TefCQpuce6gokIsc-m278983Uvwes255QaQTSQ71RUEtOhCwWW4IROjCYlLZKLyVNpuey2CYGp9eETO8NZApTUS9bydwTQWtomH6rlXLZTNjHLTz2CWfH8/s200/logo+mario+jaci.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(127, 96, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="128" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apoio: CARJ/MEC/CAPES/PADCT-SPEC - com dedicatória do autor para mim, em março de 2004 (quando Mário Jaci generosamente me presenteou com um instrumento de observação (kepleriano) artesanalmente construído por ele).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AS CARTAS CELESTES REALIZADAS POR MARIO JACI E QUE CONSTAM DESSE TRABALHO - Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito - foram escaneadas por mim, Janine, e trabalhadas no programa Corel Photo-Paint X3. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Janine Milward</span></span></div>
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5774108004334911426.post-89117582294130096462013-11-08T07:20:00.000-08:002015-02-18T07:17:33.403-08:00Meu Projeto DA TERRA AO CÉU E AO INFINITO<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;">DA TERRA .......................... AO CÉU ....................</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;">AO INFINITO.................</span></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;">Janine Milward</span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Da Terra ao Céu e ao Infinito</span></b> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">é um Projeto meu que se propõe trazer ao conhecimento do Caminhante do Céu, do Amigo das Estrelas, as 88 Constelações acolhendo seus dados, seus mitos, suas histórias, suas estrelas, suas nebulosas, seus aglomerados globulares e abertos, seus aglomerados de galáxias, seus superaglomerados...., suas muralhas de luz e de sombra...., enfim, tudo aquilo que astronomicamente pode caber em nossos alfarrábios - ou pelo menos, tudo aquilo que eu, Janine, simples amante dos céus estrelados, conseguir amealhar a partir de minha compreensão ainda e sempre simplesmente amadora e respeitosamente braheana.</span><br />
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<b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763; text-decoration: none;">http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html" style="text-decoration: none;"> </a><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIYxEOFmI8tKZfTE8dCe2C2kVPieIgxooNGRtJJzosgfkNXDVUhIkHcxpc4RUAjObae47VE77DqBiULOwOaUKLd3GNVa4aIcugDQCctkiON4zeZtRqxbWS5hou4OoQgjKY-lSnqOysGYNT/s400/mapa+do+universo+que+vemos+em+positivo.gif" height="300" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px;" width="400" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fonte da Imagem: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galchart.html<span style="text-align: start;"> </span><a href="http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/me.html" style="color: #274e13; text-align: start; text-decoration: none;">Richard Powell</a><span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: start;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Meu Projeto</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-size: large;">DA TERRA AO CÉU E AO INFINITO</span></strong></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://daterraaoceueaoinfinito.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONSTELAÇÕES, ESTRELAS E OBJETOS CELESTES </span></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)</span></span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS HISTÓRIAS, SEUS MITOS, SEUS SIGNIFICADOS, </span></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUAS IMAGENS </span></span></b><b><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">E SUAS SINTETIZADAS DESCRIÇÕES</span></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> - AS CONSTELAÇÕES -</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">entre o céu e a terra...,</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> bem como percebendo que o caos, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vagarosamente, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">vai se tornando Cosmos</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quer dizer, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Constelações </span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> já sendo apresentadas em suas Páginas próprias</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: bold;">ANDROMEDA, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A PRINCESA </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">ACORRENTADA</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></b><a href="http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreandromeda.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ANTLIA, A MÁQUINA PNEUMÁTICA</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span></b><br />
<a href="http://sobreantlia.blogspot.com.br/"><b style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">http://sobreantlia.blogspot.com.br/</span></b></a></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">APUS, A AVE-DO-PARAÍSO </span></b><br />
<a href="http://sobreapus.blogspot.com.br/"><b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://sobreapus.blogspot.com.br/</span></b></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: bold;">AQUARIUS, O AGUADEIRO</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></span></span><br />
<a href="http://sobreaquarius.blogspot.com.br/"><b style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">http://sobreaquarius.blogspot.com.br/</span></b></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;">AQUILA, A ÁGUIA </span></span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></b><a href="http://sobreaquila.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobreaquila.blogspot.com.br/</b></a><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ARA, O ALTAR</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><a href="http://sobreara.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobreara.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-weight: bold;">ARGO NAVIS, O NAVIO</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/"><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br</span></b></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esta constelação, o Navio, fazia parte do grupo de 48 constelações relacionado por Ptolomeu.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Porém, <b>La Caille dividiu o Navio em Carina, Vela e Puppis: Quilha, Vela e Popa</b></span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #073763; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">ARGO NAVIS, O NAVIO</span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b>CARINA, A QUILHA</b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/carina-quilha-do-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/carina-quilha-do-navio-argus.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b>PUPPIS, A PÓPA</b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/puppis-popa-ou-proa-de-argo-navis-o.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/puppis-popa-ou-proa-de-argo-navis-o.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /><b>VELA, A VELA</b></span><a href="http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/vela-em-argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html"><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://sobreargonavis.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/vela-em-argo-navis-o-navio-argus.html</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">AS NUVENS DE MAGALHÃES</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrenuvensdemagalhaes.blogspot.com.br/"><b style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobrenuvensdemagalhaes.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>CANCER, O CARANGUEJO</b> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://sobrecaranguejo.blogspot.com.br/"><b>http://sobrecaranguejo.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span><br />
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">CORONA AUSTRALIS E CORONA BOREALIS</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrecoronaaustraliseborealis.blogspot.com.br/"><b style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobrecoronaaustraliseborealis.blogspot.com.br/</b></a></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>CORVUS, O CORVO</b> </span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://sobrecorvus.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobrecorvus.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">CRUX, O CRUZEIRO DO SUL</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://sobrecrux.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobrecrux.blogspot.com.br/</a></span><br />
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<span style="color: #632423; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">ERIDANUS, O RIO ERIDANO DOS CÉUS ESTRELADOS</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://sobreeridanus.blogspot.com.br/"><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobreeridanus.blogspot.com.br/</b></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">LYRA, A LIRA</span> </span><br />
<b><span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><a href="http://sobrelyra.blogspot.com/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://sobrelyra.blogspot.com/</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">OPHIUCUS, O SERPENTÁRIO,</span><span style="color: #320763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b>E</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SERPENS CAPUT E SERPENS CAUDA, A SERPENTE </span> </b><b><span style="color: #244061; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><a href="http://sobreophiucuseserpens.blogspot.com.br/">http://sobreophiucuseserpens.blogspot.com.br/</a></span></b></span></span><br />
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<b><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">VIRGO, A VIRGEM </span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><a href="http://sobrevirgo.blogspot.com/"><b>http://sobrevirgo.blogspot.com/</b></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b>LONGA JORNADA NOITE ADENTRO: O Revirão da Via Lactea</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><b><a href="http://oreviraodavialactea.blogspot.com.br/" style="background-color: #073763;">http://oreviraodavialactea.blogspot.com.br/</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Boa Leitura e Bons Estudos!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232;">Com um abraço estrelado,<br />Janine Milward</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="http://www.raremaps.com/maps/medium/35567.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(191, 144, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;" /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35567/Le_Globe_Celeste/De%20La%20Croix.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35567/Le_Globe_Celeste/De%20La%20Croix.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Title: </strong>Le Globe Celeste</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #073763; color: #f1c232; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Map Maker: </strong><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/browse/creator_id/3554" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #274e13; text-decoration: none;">Pherotee De La Croix</a></span><br />
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Janine Milwardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11201650743829208536noreply@blogger.com